ELIXIR > Articles by: Editor

Increase in alcohol abuse among over 60s – new research

Posted on July 14, 2009 by Editor

London: Alcohol misuse in people aged over 60 in the UK is on the increase, new research suggests.

A survey carried out by the charity Foundation66 found over one in eight (13%) admitted to drinking more following retirement.

Of these, one in five (19%) uses alcohol because of depression, and one in eight (13%) drinks to deal with bereavement.

The survey of 857 people aged 60 and over also found that one in eight (12%) older drinkers is most likely to drink alone at home.

A separate poll carried out for the charity revealed widespread concern over the issue, with one in 10 adults worried about the amount of alcohol consumed by a friend or family member aged 60 or over.

The dangers of alcohol are increased among older drinkers, particularly because of medication, frailty, and other health problems.

Heavy drinking is associated with a raised risk of high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and dementia.

And drinking too much can also lead to falls – which are more likely to seriously injure an older person.

Pensioners accounted for 357,300 alcohol-related hospital admissions in England in 2007/8 – a 75% rise in five years.

Sally Scriminger, chief executive of the UK charity Foundation66, said: “The older people we see with drink problems come from all walks of life.”

Last year Foundation66 piloted a project to provide help to older drinkers in the London borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Demand was so heavy that the scheme is now being rolled out in a neighbouring area.

8 out of 10 UK doctors criticise Alzheimer’s treatment

Posted on July 14, 2009 by Editor

London: Most doctors feel Alzheimer’s sufferers do not receive sufficient treatment, according to a new survey.

The IMPACT (Important Perspectives on Alzheimers Care & Treatment) study explored the views of 1800 people – physicians (GPs and specialists),1 Alzheimer’s carers,1 payors1 and the general public1 in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK.

According to the new study presented at the 2009 Alzheimers Association International Conference on Alzheimers Disease (ICAD 2009), almost 8 out of 10 UK physicians (77 percent)1 consider Alzheimer’s disease to be undertreated in the UK.1 These perceptions reflect behaviours identified in earlier research by the Audit Commission for Local Authorities and the National Health Service which highlighted an uncertainty in diagnosing any form of dementia by GPs in the UK, with 40% of GPs reluctant to refer early for diagnosis.2

According to the study, supported by Eisai and Pfizer Inc, UK doctors feel the medical community hesitates in discussing the earliest stages of Alzheimers disease because of their uncertainty.1 Furthermore, 63% of responders from the general population, many of whom could be tomorrow’s carers, felt that most people would have difficulty identifying the early signs of the disease.1

The National Dementia Strategy sets out a clear direction for dementia management and if adhered to closely, it could help the UK lead the way in Alzheimer’s disease care and management. Today’s survey findings suggest that although we are making progress, we still have a long way to go. Alzheimer’s disease needs to be tackled with the same force as the fight against cancer and we need to act now in order to halt this generational time bomb”, said Professor Roy Jones, Clinical Gerontologist and Geriatrician at The Research Institute for the Care of Older People, Bath, and Study Steering Committee Chair.

Alzheimers disease, the most common type of dementia, affects nearly half a million people in the UK3 a figure expected to double within twenty years.4 According to IMPACT, Alzheimers disease is the most feared disease after cancer in the general population,1 with physicians1 and carers1 being the only groups surveyed to fear it even more than cancer. In 2007, the annual cost of caring for people with Alzheimer’s disease was £11 billion,5 with dementia costing the UK economy over £17 billion a year,6 more than cancer, stroke and heart disease combined.5 Additionally in 2007, Alzheimers disease research received 3 percent of the funds spent on cancer, a disease that affects a similar number of people.5

While the study revealed that UK doctors face a number of barriers to early drug treatment,1 it also showed that according to physicians in the UK, the medical community is more likely to recommend third party support (e.g. patient organisations) after the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease than in France, Germany, Italy and Spain.1

Marc Wortmann, Executive Director of Alzheimers Disease International and member of the IMPACT Study Steering Committee, said, It is reassuring to note that the benefits of support groups are clearly recognised by clinicians and hopefully experienced by carers and patients. We strongly support the tendency to refer to patient groups at diagnosis, as it is well known that seeking support improves the quality of life for people living with Alzheimer’s disease and eases the burden for the carer.”

About Alzheimers disease

Alzheimers disease, a progressive and degenerative brain disease,7 is the most common type of dementia7 and affects more than six million Europeans.8 Symptoms of Alzheimers disease may include increased forgetfulness, repeating or asking the same question frequently, and problems making decisions.9

These symptoms gradually affect a persons cognition, behavior and everyday activities, some severe enough to have an impact on their work, social activities and family life.9 While there is no cure for Alzheimers disease, there are treatments to help slow the progression of the symptoms of the disease.10

About the IMPACT Study

The IMPACT study was conducted online within the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain and Germany by IPSOS on behalf of Eisai and Pfizer Inc between April 1 and May 1, 2009, among 500 physicians (including general practitioners and specialists), 250 AD carers, 50 payors and 1,000 members of the general population age 18 and over. Statistical differences are noted using a 90% confidence interval. A full methodology is available upon request.

About the IMPACT Study Steering Committee

The IMPACT study was developed and implemented with the oversight of an expert Steering Committee comprised of a variety of leading AD specialists, including geriatricians, neurologists, epidemiologists, primary care physicians and old-age psychiatrists from the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain and Germany. The Executive Director of Alzheimer Disease International (ADI) was also part of the committee. Most members of the IMPACT Study steering committee received honoraria for their participation. The Committee was supported by Eisai and Pfizer Inc.

About Eisai

Eisai is a research-based human health care (hhc) company that discovers, develops and markets products throughout the world. Eisai focuses its efforts in three therapeutic areas: Integrative Neuroscience including neuroscience, neurology and psychiatric medicine; Integrative Oncology including oncotherapy and supportive-care treatment and Vascular/Immunological Reaction which includes acute coronary syndrome, atherothrombotic disease, sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and Crohns disease.

Through a global network of research facilities, manufacturing sites and marketing subsidiaries, Eisai actively participates in all aspects of the worldwide health care system. Globally, Eisai operates in five key regions: its home market of Japan, North America, China, Asia/Oceania/Middle East and Europe and employs more than 11,000 people worldwide.

About Pfizer

Pfizer Inc., founded in 1849, is dedicated to better health and greater access to health care for people and their valued animals. Every day, colleagues in more than 150 countries work to discover, develop, manufacture and deliver quality, safe and effective prescription medicines to patients.
In the UK, Pfizer has its European R&D headquarters at Sandwich and its UK business headquarters in Surrey, and is the major supplier of medicines to the NHS. Pfizers annual UK R&D investment is more than £550 million more than £10 million a week.

1 Impact Study 2009: Global Alzheimers Awareness Study. Data on File Eisai, Pfizer Ltd

2 Audit Commission Update, Forget Me Not 2002: Developing Mental Health Services For Older People In England. Audit Commission February 2002.

3 Alzheimers Society Factsheet available at What is Alzheimer’s Disease?.
4 Alzheimers Society. Facts for the Media.
5 Alzheimers Research Trust. Annual Review 2007. February 1, 2007.
6 Alzheimers Research Trust. Dementia Statistics. Available at: Dementia Statistics.
7Alzheimers Association. 2008 Alzheimers Disease Facts and Figures. Available at: Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures.
8 Alzheimer Europe. Policy watch Europe Unites Against Alzheimers disease. Dementia In Europe: The Alzheimer Europe Magazine. December 2008;2: 9.
9 Alzheimer’s Association. 10 Signs of Alzheimer’s Signs of Alzheimer’s Disease
10 Alzheimer’s Association. Treatments Available at Treatments and Treatments

Dental Crowns – all you ever wanted to know

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

London: Crowns are an excellent way to get beautiful teeth. The animations right and below graphically illustrate the procedure of placing dental crowns:

CROWNS

Q What is a crown?

A Crowns are an ideal way to rebuild teeth which have been broken, or have been weakened by decay or a very large filling. The crown fits right over the remaining part of the tooth, making it strong and giving it the shape and contour of a natural tooth. Crowns are sometimes also known as caps. An Anterior Crown is a crown fitted to the front eight teeth.

Q Why would I need a crown?

A There are a number of reasons. For instance:
 the tooth may have been weakened by having a very large filling
 you may have discoloured fillings and would like to improve the appearance of the tooth
 you may have had a root filling which will need a crown to protect it
 you may have had an accident and damaged the tooth
 it may help hold a bridge or denture firmly in place.

Q What are crowns made of?

A Crowns are made of a variety of materials and new materials are being introduced all the time. Here are some of the options available at present:

 Porcelain bonded to precious metal: this is what most crowns are made from. A precious metal base is made and layers of porcelain are then applied over it.
 Porcelain: these crowns are not as strong as bonded crowns but they can look very natural and are most often used for front teeth.
 Porcelain and composite: porcelain and composite resin materials can sometimes look the most natural. However, these crowns are not as strong as bonded metal crowns.
 Glass: these crowns look very natural and are used on both front and back teeth.
 Precious metal (gold and palladium): these crowns are very strong and hard-wearing, but are not usually used at the front of the mouth, where they are highly visible.

Q How is a tooth prepared for a crown?

A The dentist will prepare the tooth to the ideal shape for the crown. This will mean removing most of the outer surface, and leaving a strong inner core. The amount of the tooth removed will be the same as the thickness of the crown to be fitted. Once the tooth is shaped, the dentist will take an impression of the prepared tooth, one of the opposite jaw and possibly another to mark the way you bite together. The impressions will be given to the technician, along with any other information they need to make the crown.

Q Who makes the crown?

A The impressions and information about the shade of your teeth will be given to a dental technician who will be skilled in making crowns. They will make models of your mouth and make the crown on these to be sure that the crown fits perfectly.

Q Will the crown be noticeable?

A No. The crown will be made to match your other teeth exactly. The shade of the neighbouring teeth will be recorded, to make sure that the colour looks

natural and matches the surrounding teeth. A temporary crown, usually made in plastic, will be fitted at the end of the
first appointment to last until the permanent one is ready. These temporary crowns may be more noticeable, but they are only in place for about two weeks.

Q How long does the treatment take?

A You will need to have at least two visits: the first for the preparation, impression, shade taking and fitting the temporary crown, and the second to fit the permanent crown.

Q Does it hurt to have a tooth prepared for a crown?

A No. A local anaesthetic is used and the preparation should feel no different from a filling. If the tooth does not have a nerve, and a post crown is being prepared, then local anaesthetic may not be needed.

Q Are post crowns different?

A Post crowns may be used when the tooth has been root filled. The weakened crown of the tooth is drilled off at the level of the gum. The dentist makes a double-ended post to fit into the root canal. This can be either prefabricated stainless steel or custom made of gold. One end of the post is cemented into the root canal, and the other end holds the crown firmly in place.

Q Are there any alternatives to post crowns for root-filled teeth?

A If a root-filled tooth is not completely broken down, it may be possible to build it up again using filling material. This

core is then prepared in the same way as a natural tooth and the impressions are taken.

Q How long will a crown last?

A The life of a crown will depend on how well it is looked after. The crown itself cannot decay, but decay can start where the edge of the crown joins the tooth. It is very important to keep this area as clean as your other teeth, or decay could endanger the crown. Properly cared for crowns will last for many years your dentist will be able to tell you how long.

Q How are crowns fixed to teeth?

A Once the fit and appearance of the crown has been checked and approved by you it will be cemented in place with special dental cement. The cement also forms a seal to help hold it firmly in place.

Q Will the crown feel different?

A Because the shape of the crown will be slightly different from the shape of your tooth before it was crowned, you may be aware of it to begin with. Within a few days it should feel fine, and you will not notice it. The crown may need some adjustment if it feels higher than the surrounding teeth. If it is at all uncomfortable ask your dentist to check and adjust it.

Q Is there an alternative to a crown?

A A veneer may be an alternative to having an anterior crown. Your dentist will advise you of any suitable alternatives.

Sensitive teeth – animation and Qs & As

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

SENSITIVE TEETH

Q What are sensitive teeth?

A Having sensitive teeth can mean anything from getting a mild twinge to having severe discomfort that can continue for several hours. It can also be an early warning sign of more serious dental problems.

Q Who suffers from sensitive teeth?

A Many people suffer from sensitive teeth and it can start at any time. It is more common in people aged between 20 and 40, although it can affect people in their early teens and when they are over 70. Women are more likely to be affected than men.

Q What causes sensitive teeth?

A The part of the tooth we can see is covered by a layer of enamel that protects the softer dentine underneath.

If the dentine is exposed, a tooth can become sensitive. This usually happens where the tooth and the gum meet and the enamel layer is much thinner.

Here are some causes of sensitivity

Toothbrush abrasion brushing too hard, and brushing from side to side, can cause dentine to be worn away, particularly where the teeth meet the gums. The freshly exposed dentine may then become sensitive.

Dental erosion this is loss of tooth enamel caused by attacks of acid from acidic food and drinks. If enamel is worn away the dentine underneath is exposed, which may lead to sensitivity.

Gum recession gums may naturally recede (shrink back), and the roots will become exposed and can be more sensitive. Root surfaces do not have an enamel layer to protect them.

Gum disease a build-up of plaque or tartar can cause the gum to recede down the tooth and even destroy the bony support of the tooth. Pockets can form in the gums around the tooth, making the area difficult to keep clean and the problem worse.

Tooth grinding this is a habit which involves clenching and grinding the teeth together. This can cause the enamel of the teeth to be worn away, making the teeth sensitive.

Other causes of pain from sensitivity may be:

A cracked tooth or filling a cracked tooth is one that has become broken. A crack can run from the biting surface of a tooth down towards the root. Extreme temperatures, especially cold, may cause discomfort.

Tooth bleaching some patients have sensitivity for a short time during or after having their teeth bleached. Discuss this with your dentist before having treatment.

Q When are teeth more likely to be sensitive?

A You are more likely to feel the sensitivity when drinking or eating something cold, from cold air catching your teeth, and sometimes with hot foods or drinks. Some people have sensitivity when they have sweet or acidic food and drink. The pain can come and go, with some times being worse than others.

Q Is there anything I can do to treat sensitive teeth at home?

A There are many brands of toothpaste on the market made to help ease the pain of sensitive teeth. The toothpaste should be used twice a day to brush your teeth. It can also be rubbed onto the sensitive areas.

These toothpastes can take anything from a few days to several weeks to take effect. Your dentist should be able to advise you on which type of toothpaste would be best for you.

Q Is there anything I should avoid if I have sensitive teeth?

A You may find that hot, cold, sweet or acidic drinks, or foods like ice cream can bring on sensitivity, so you may want to avoid these. If you have sensitivity when brushing your teeth with cold water from the tap, you may need to use warm water instead. It is important you do not avoid brushing your teeth regularly as this could make the problem worse.

Q Do I need to go and see my dentist?

A Yes, if you have tried treating your sensitive teeth for a few weeks and have had no improvement.
Q What treatments can the dentist offer?

A During an examination the dentist will talk to you about your symptoms. They will look at your teeth to find out what is causing the sensitivity and to find the best way of treating it.

The dentist may treat the affected teeth with special de-sensitising products to help relieve the symptoms.

Fluoride gels, rinses or varnishes can be applied to sensitive teeth. These can be painted onto the teeth at regular appointments one or two weeks apart, to build up some protection. Sensitivity can take some time to settle, and you may need to have several appointments.

If this still does not help, your dentist may seal or fill around the neck of the tooth, where the tooth and gum meet, to cover exposed dentine.

In very serious cases it may be necessary to root-fill the tooth.
Q How can I prevent sensitive teeth?

A To prevent sensitive teeth follow the principles below:

 Brush your teeth twice a day for two minutes with fluoride toothpaste. Use small circular movements with a soft- to medium-bristled brush. Try to avoid brushing your teeth from side to side.

 Change your toothbrush every two to three months, or sooner if it becomes worn.

 Have sugary foods, and fizzy and acidic drinks less often. Try to have them only at mealtimes.

 If you grind your teeth, talk to your dentist about the possibility of having a mouthguard made to wear at night.

 If you are thinking about having your teeth bleached, discuss sensitivity with your dentist before starting treatment.

 Visit your dentist at least once a year for a check up.

Gum Disease – animation and Qs & As

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

GUM DISEASE

Q What is gum disease?

A Gum disease describes swelling, soreness or infection of the tissues supporting the teeth. There are two main forms of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontal disease.

Q What is gingivitis?

A Gingivitis means inflammation of the gums. This is when the gums around the teeth become very red and swollen. Often the swollen gums bleed when they are brushed during cleaning.
Q What is periodontal disease?

A Long-standing gingivitis can turn into periodontal disease. There are a number of types of periodontal disease and they all affect the tissues supporting the teeth. As the disease gets worse the bone anchoring the teeth in the jaw is lost, making the teeth loose. If this is not treated, the teeth may eventually fall out.
Q Am I likely to suffer from gum disease?

A Probably. Most people suffer from some form of gum disease, and it is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. However, the disease develops very slowly in most people, and it can be slowed down to a rate that should allow you to keep most of your teeth for life.
Q What is the cause of gum disease?

A All gum disease is caused by plaque. Plaque is a film of bacteria, which forms on the surface of the teeth and gums every day. Many of the bacteria in plaque are completely harmless, but there are some that have been shown to be the main cause of gum disease. To prevent and treat gum disease, you need to make sure you remove all the plaque from your teeth every day. This is done by brushing and flossing.
Q What happens if gum disease is not treated?

A Unfortunately, gum disease progresses painlessly on the whole so that you do notice the damage it is doing. However, the bacteria are sometimes more active and this makes your gums sore. This can lead to gum abscesses, and pus may ooze from around the teeth. Over a number of years, the bone supporting the teeth can be lost. If the disease is left untreated for a long time, treatment can become more difficult.
Q How do I know if I have gum disease?

A The first sign is blood on the toothbrush or in the rinsing water when you clean your teeth. Your gums may also bleed when you are eating, leaving a bad taste in your mouth. Your breath may also become unpleasant.
Q What do I do if I think I have gum disease?

A The first thing to do is visit your dentist for a thorough check-up of your teeth and gums. The dentist can measure the cuff of gum around each tooth to see if there is any sign that periodontal disease has started. X-rays may also be needed to see the amount of bone that has been lost. This assessment is very important, so the correct treatment can be prescribed for you.
Q What treatments are needed?

A Your dentist will usually give your teeth a thorough clean. Youll also be shown how to remove plaque successfully yourself, cleaning all surfaces of your teeth thoroughly and effectively. This may take a number of sessions with the dentist or hygienist.
Q What else may be needed?

A Once your teeth are clean, your dentist may decide to carry out further cleaning of the roots of the teeth, to make sure that the last
pockets of bacteria are removed.

Youll probably need the treatment area to be numbed before
anything is done. Afterwards, you may feel some discomfort for up to 48 hour.
Q Once I have had periodontal disease, can I get it again?

A Periodontal disease is never cured. But as long as you keep up the home care you have been taught, any further loss of bone will be very slow and it may stop altogether. However, you must make sure you remove plaque every day, and go for regular check ups by the dentist and hygienist.

Snoring treatment – animation and Qs & As

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

ANTI-SNORING

Q What is snoring?

A The noise of snoring is caused by the vibration of the soft tissues in the upper airway. During sleep the muscles of the upper airway relax resulting in the formation of bottlenecks or even complete obstruction of the airways. The body reacts by increasing the velocity of the air which in turn causes vibration of the soft tissues which generates the noise of snoring.

Q Who is likely to snore?

A Research has shown that approximately 40% of the adult population snore. As a person gets older the chances of snoring increases. (i.e. in men aged 60 this increases to 60%.) The chances of snoring are also increased if a person is overweight or drinks alcohol.

Q What is Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?

A This is a medical condition. People suffering from it are heard to gasp for breath while they are asleep. Additional symptoms are daytime drowsiness or the feeling of not having a full nights sleep. Where Sleep Apnoea is suspected an anti-snoring device may still be prescribed but it is essential that you consult your medical practitioner and if he confirms that Sleep Apnoea is suspected, that you are referred to the sleep clinic of a hospital for further investigation.

Not everyone that snores suffers from Sleep Apnoea but nearly everyone who suffers from Sleep Apnoea will snore.

Q What help is available?

A Your dentist could make you an oral appliance which is worn at night to prevent snoring.

This will consists of two thin plastic formings which fit over the upper and lower teeth. They are joined together by two connectors that gently hold the lower jaw in a forward position. Any opening of the mouth pulls the lower jaw further forward.

Q Can anyone use this appliance?

A The appliance can not be made if you have no natural teeth or only a few natural teeth. Your dentist will be able to advise you as to your own situation.

Q What happens next?

A Your dentist will ask you to complete a questionnaire (if possible with your partner) and then take moulds of your upper and lower tooth arches. Your appliance will be custom made to the moulds of your mouth and your dentist will fit it. (Allow about two weeks for your appliance to be manufactured.) You will be asked to wear it initially each night for a week to ensure that the noise of snoring has been eliminated. If after wearing it for a week the noise of snoring has not been completely eliminated your appliance should be returned to your dentist for adjustment.

Unfortunately it is not possible to guarantee that the appliance will work on everyone. Statistics demonstrate that in 62% of people that snore it will totally eliminate the noise of snoring. In the remaining cases the noise of snoring may be reduced or it will not work at all.

Q Does the appliance require maintenance?

A The appliance does require regular maintenance but the intervals between maintenance periods are difficult to predict because they depend on the individuals case. If you grind your teeth at night the life of your appliance will be reduced.

Q Does the appliance come with a warranty?

A Some appliances have an initial 6 months repair and servicing warranty from the date of manufacture of the appliance. You will need to discuss this with your dentist.

Orthodontics – Canine in the palate

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

CANINE IN THE PALATE

Q Where is the upper canine?

A This tooth forms high up in the mouth to the side of the nose.

Q What is a canine in the palate?

A The upper canine can fail to grow into its proper place in the mouth. It can often end up in the palate behind the front teeth.

Q Why has this occurred?

A The canine forms high up under the eye (eye-tooth). As it grows down it can lose its way!

Q Will the tooth need to be removed?

A The canine will only need to be removed if it is way off course or damaging the other teeth.

Q How will the tooth be treated?

A Firstly the tooth needs to be exposed (uncovered). This usually involves a trip to the hospital. Once exposed the tooth can then be brought into line with a fixed traintrack brace. This is complicated and can take up to two years.

Q Will I still need a retainer?

A When the fixed brace is removed a retainer will be constructed which will need to be worn at night.

Q How long will the retainer need to be in place?

A The retainer will normally be worn at night for a year. Without the retainer the canine can move back a little bit.

Q Will there be any permanent damage?

A No damage will occur due to moving the tooth. However, poor cleaning and too many fizzy drinks can cause permanent decay marks around the fixings of the traintrack brace. The importance of thorough brushing and the use of a fluoride mouthwash cannot be emphasised enough.

Q Is the treatment permanent, or will I need additional future treatment?

A Once the canine has settled into its proper place the result will be stable.

Orthodontics – Enamel Stripping

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

ENAMEL STRIPPING

Q Can teeth be straightened without removing other healthy teeth?

A If there is only mild overcrowding of 2-4mm then the teeth can be straightened without removing healthy teeth.

Q What is enamel stripping?

A Enamel stripping is where the teeth are reduced very slightly in width by removing some of the enamel layer.

Q Will it hurt?

A Removing some of the enamel does not hurt.

Q How many teeth will need to be treated?

A Depending on the space required enamel stripping is usually carried out on the six front teeth.

Q Will I still need a retainer?

A Once the space has been created by the enamel stripping process, the teeth will need to be brought into line with a fixed brace. Bonded retainers are often fitted after the enamel stripping and fixed brace procedures. These are fitted for permanent retention.

Q How long will the fixed brace need to be in place?

A The amount of time the fixed brace will need to be in place depends on a number of factors, e.g. the amount of teeth that need to be moved etc, therefore, each case is individual. Your orthodontist will advise you accordingly. The bonded retainer applied after removal of the fixed brace should be considered permanent.

Q Will there be any permanent damage?

A Enamel stripping only removes some of the tooths enamel, therefore, there should be no long term damage.

Q Is the treatment permanent, or will I need additional future treatment?

A The need for any additional future treatment depends on whether any growth changes occur in the mouth. Regular check ups with your family dentist will highlight these.

Jaw Problems and Headaches – animation and Qs & As

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

JAW PROBLEMS & HEADACHES

Q What is dental occlusion?

A Dental occlusion is another name for the way your teeth meet when your jaws bite together.

Q What is TMJ?

A The letters TMJ are short for of temporo-mandibular joint, which is the joint connecting your lower jaw and your skull. The movement in this joint lets you open and close your mouth and chew from side to side.

Q What kind of problems might I have?

A If your teeth dont fit together properly, you can have problems not only in your teeth themselves, but also the gums, the temporo-mandibular joint or the muscles that move your jaw. These problems are called occlusal problems.

Teeth

Teeth that are out of line, heavily worn or constantly breaking, fillings that fracture or crowns that work loose may all be signs of occlusal problems. Your teeth may also be tender to bite on or may ache constantly.

Gums
Loose teeth or receding gums can be made worse by a faulty bite.
TMJ
Clicking, grinding or pain in your jaw joints, ringing or buzzing in your ears and difficulty in opening or closing your mouth could all be due to your teeth not meeting each other properly.

Muscles

If your jaw is in the wrong position, the muscles that move the jaw have to work a lot harder and can get tired. This leads to muscle spasm. The main symptoms are continual headaches or migraine, especially first thing in the morning; pain behind your eyes; sinus pain and pains in your neck and shoulders. Sometimes even back muscles are involved.

Q How can I tell if I have a problem?

A You may find that you clench or grind your teeth, although most people who do arent aware of it. Sometimes can be caused by anxiety, but generally most people clench their teeth when they are concentrating on a task – housework, gardening, car mechanics, typing and so on.

You may wake up in the morning with a stiff jaw or tenderness when you bite together. This could be due to clenching or grinding your teeth in your sleep. Most people who grind their teeth do it while they are asleep and may not know they are doing it.

If you suffer from severe headaches, or neck and shoulder pain, you may not have linked this with possible jaw problems. Or you may keep having pain or discomfort on the side of your face around your ears or jaw joints or difficulty in moving your jaw. These are all symptoms of TMJ problems.

If you are missing some teeth at the back of your mouth, this may lead to an unbalanced bite, which can cause uneven pressure on your teeth.

Together, all these symptoms are called TMJ syndrome.

Q How are occlusal problems treated?

A See your dentist. He or she may be able to help you or may refer you to a specialist who deals with occlusal problems.

Depending on the problems you are having, it can be possible to spot the signs of an occlusal problem. Various muscles may be sore when tested, or the broken and worn areas of your teeth will show you are grinding your teeth – a common sign of an incorrect bite.

If your dentist suspects that your problems are due to an incorrect bite, he or she may help to diagnose the problem by supplying a temporary soft nightguard or hard plastic appliance that fits over your upper or lower teeth. This appliance needs to be measured and fitted very accurately so that when you bite on it, all your teeth meet at exactly the same time in a position where your muscles are relaxed. You may have to wear this all the time or, just at night. If the appliance relieves your symptoms then your bite may need to be corrected permanently.

Tooth Adjustment (equilibration)
Your teeth may need to be carefully adjusted to meet evenly. Changing the direction and position of the slopes that guide your teeth together can often help to reposition the jaw.

Replacement of teeth
The temporo-mandibular joint needs equal support from both sides of both jaws. The chewing action is designed to work properly only when all your teeth are present and in the correct position. Missing teeth may need to be replaced either with a partial denture or bridgework.

Replacement is not usually done until a diagnosis has been confirmed by using an appliance and this has fully relieved the symptoms. Relief in some patients is instant: in others it can take a long time.

Medication
Some drugs can help in certain cases, but this is usually only temporary. Hormone replacement therapy may also help some women.

Diet and Exercise
As with any joint pain, it can help to put less stress on the joint. So a soft diet can be helpful, as can Corrective exercises and external heat. Physiotherapy exercises can often help, and your dentist may be able to show some of these to you.

Relaxation
Counselling and relaxation therapy may help in some cases. These techniques help the patient to become more aware of stressful situations and to control tension.

Q Will straightening my teeth help?

A If your teeth are too far out of line or in a totally incorrect bite position, it may be necessary to fit an orthodontic appliance to move them into a better position.

Q How many people suffer from these problems?

A Up to 1 in 4 people may have some symptoms. Both men and women are affected equally, although women tend to seek
treatment more often than men. The symptoms can often start with the menopause or other hormonal changes.

Many people have imperfect occlusion and missing teeth, yet never have symptoms because they adjust to their problems. Occasionally, in times of increased stress and tension, the symptoms may appear and then go away immediately. Or, your teeth and gums may be affected straight away and instead of headaches, you may suffer:

 flattened, worn teeth
 broken teeth, fillings and crowns
 loose teeth
 continual sensitivity of your teeth to temperature change
 toothache with no apparent cause.

If you think you have any of these problems, ask your dentist.

Smoking and Oral Health – animation and Qs & As

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

SMOKING AND ORAL HEALTH

Q How can smoking affect my oral health?

A Most people are now aware that smoking is bad for our health. It can cause many different medical problems and, in some cases, fatal diseases. However, many people dont realise the damage that smoking does to their mouth, gums and teeth.

Smoking can lead to tooth staining, gum disease, tooth loss and in more severe cases mouth cancer.

Q Why are my teeth stained?

A One of the effects of smoking is staining on the teeth due to the nicotine and tar content. It can make the teeth yellow in a very short time, and heavy smokers often complain that their teeth are almost brown after years of smoking.

Q How will smoking affect my gums and teeth?

A Smoking can also lead to gum disease. Patients who smoke are more likely to produce bacterial plaque, which leads to gum disease. The gums are affected because smoking causes a lack of oxygen in the bloodstream, so the infected gums fail to heal. Smoking causes people to have more dental plaque and for gum disease to progress more rapidly than in non-smokers. Gum disease still remains the most common cause of tooth loss in adults.

Q How is smoking linked with cancer?

A Most people know that smoking can cause lung and throat cancer, but many people are still unaware that it is one of the main causes of mouth cancer too. Every year thousands of people die from mouth cancer brought on by smoking. (See our leaflet Tell Me About Mouth Cancer)

Q Are there special dental products I can use?

A There are special toothpastes for people who smoke. They are sometimes a little more abrasive than ordinary pastes and should be used with care. Your dentist may recommend that you use these toothpastes alternately with your usual toothpaste. As there are several toothpastes on the market which claim to whiten teeth it is important to look for those accredited by the British Dental Health Foundation. Our logo means that the claims on the packaging are scientifically proven to be correct and the product will be effective at removing staining caused by smoking.

Q What about mouthwashes?

A People who smoke may find they are more likely to have bad breath than non-smokers. Fresh breath products such as mouthwashes may help to disguise the problem in the short term, but will only mask it.

Q How often should I visit my dentist?

A It is important that you visit your dentist regularly both for a normal check up and a full mouth examination so that any other conditions can be spotted early.

You should visit your dentist at least once a year. However, this may be more often if your dentist feels it necessary. People who smoke are more likely to have stained teeth, and therefore may need appointments more often with the dental hygienist.

Q What can my dentist do for me?

A Your dentist will carry out a regular examination to make sure that your teeth and gums and whole mouth are healthy.

Your dentist will also examine your cheeks, tongue and throat for any signs of other conditions that may need more investigation.

They may also be able to put you in touch with organisations and self- help groups who will have the latest information to help you stop smoking.

Q Will I need any extra treatment?

A Your dentist may also refer you to a dental hygienist, for further treatment, thorough cleaning and to keep a closer check on your oral hygiene.

Your dental hygienist will be able to advise you on how often you should visit them, although this should usually be every three to six months.

Amalgam and White fillings – animation and Qs & As

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

AMALGAM & WHITE FILLINGS

Q What are amalgam fillings?

A Amalgam or silver fillings are the metal coloured fillings that many people have. Amalgam was the traditional material used for fillings for many years.

Q Why should I consider white fillings?

A Most people have fillings of one sort or another in their mouths. Nowadays fillings are not only functional, but can be natural looking as well. Many people dont want silver fillings that show when they laugh or smile because they are more conscious about the way they look.

Q Can I get them on the NHS?

A The National Health Service will not usually allow white fillings on the biting surfaces of back teeth. However, this does not apply to the sides of back teeth or to any front teeth.

There is a slight chance that some people may be sensitive to the metals used in silver amalgam fillings. If this sensitivity is proven, it may be best to replace the amalgam fillings with another type. (In very exceptional cases these replacements may be available on the NHS, if a consultant decides that a patient is extremely sensitive to these materials and asks for them to be replaced.)

Q Are they expensive?

A Because many white fillings are only available privately, costs can vary quite a lot from dentist to dentist. Costs usually depend on the size and type of white filling used and the time it takes to complete the treatment. Costs may also vary from region to region. As a guide, white fillings start from around £40 each, but your dentist will be able to give you an idea of the cost before you agree to treatment.

Q Are they as good as silver amalgam fillings?

A White fillings have always been considered less long lasting than
silver amalgam fillings. But there are now new materials available with properties comparable to silver amalgam, and these are proving to be very successful. The life expectancy of a white filling can depend greatly on where it is in your mouth and how heavily your teeth come together when you bite. Your dentist can advise you on the life expectancy of your fillings. However, any fillings provided on the NHS are automatically guaranteed for one year.

Q Is it worth replacing my amalgam fillings with white ones?

A It is usually best to change fillings only when your dentist decides that an old filling needs replacing. If so you can ask to have it replaced in a tooth-coloured material.

Some dentists prefer not to put white fillings in back teeth, as they are not always successful. One way around this would be to use crowns or inlays, but this can mean removing more of the tooth and can be more expensive.

Q What are tooth-coloured fillings made of?

A This can vary, but they are mainly made of glass particles, synthetic resin and a setting ingredient. Your dentist should be able to give you more information about the particular material that they use.

Q Where can I get them done?

A Most dental practices offer white fillings as a normal part of the treatment they give you. However, white fillings are classed as a cosmetic treatment, and you can therefore only have them if you pay for them.

Q Are there any alternatives to fillings?

A Adhesive dentistry is another form of this treatment. This involves bonding the filling to the tooth. The dentist has to remove less of the tooth, which is obviously better.

As we have already said, there are alternatives such as crowns and inlays although they can cost a lot more. Veneers can be used on front teeth instead of crowns or fillings.

Tooth Jewellery – animation and Qs & As

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

TOOTH JEWELLERY

Q What is Tooth Jewellery?

A Tooth Jewellery is the latest fashion craze to hit the UK. Tooth jewellery classic designs are an elegant compliment to standard jewellery. When placed on the tooth, the jewellery creates a distinctive expression of ones individuality.

There are 2 main types of tooth jewellery available: –

Twinkles: – This is a collection of 24-carat gold and white gold jewellery. The jewellery is available in over 50 different designs with some including diamonds, sapphires and rubies.

Dental Gems: – Are a range of glass crystals are available in nine different colours diamond, rainbow, ruby, sapphire, emerald, emerald green, aquamarine, pink, sapphire light.

Q Is The Jewellery For Males Or Females?

A Both there are many different designs which appeal to everyone. Children under the age of 16 should have parental consent.

Q How Do You Apply them?

A The dentist will use a dental adhesive to apply the Jewellery to your tooth.

Q Does The Application Procedure Hurt?

A NO! The procedure is similar to placing an orthodontic bracket on a tooth. There is no drilling involved and the procedure is completely painless

Q How Long Does The Application Procedure Take?

A The fitting procedure should take no more than 10 to 15 minutes

Q How Long Will The Jewellery Stay On My Tooth?

A The tooth Jewellery can last on your tooth indefinitely or for as long as you want it.

Q Will The Tooth Jewellery Harm My Tooth?

A When properly placed by a dentist, the tooth Jewellery will not damage or harm your tooth in any way. Tooth jewellery should only be applied to natural teeth.

Q How Do I Remove The Tooth Jewellery When I No Longer Want it?

A If you would like to remove your tooth Jewellery the it can be taken off by a dentist at any time

Q How Much Does It Cost?

A Prices vary from design to design, ask your dentist for more information

Whitening (Barrier) – Animation and Qs & As

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

BARRIER WHITENING

Q What does tooth whitening do?

A Tooth whitening can be a highly effective, yet very simple way, of lightening the colour of teeth without removing any of the tooth surface. It cannot make a colour change, but lightens the existing colour.

Q What does the procedure involve?

A The dentist applies a chemical barrier to the gums, which will protect them during the whitening process. The whitening solution is then applied to the teeth and the chemical is then activated using heat, or heat and light combined.
Once the whitening process is finished the barrier will be easily removed in one piece.

If the tooth has been root treated, the canal, which previously contained the nerve, may be reopened and the whitening product is put in.

Q How long does the procedure take?

A The process would normally take over an hour but your dentist will advise you on your specific requirements.

Q Will I be happy with the results?

Q When might whitening not work?

A Whitening can only lighten your existing tooth colour. For a change to specific chosen shade veneering is another option. Whitening also works on natural teeth. It will not work on any type of ‘false teeth. This includes dentures, crowns and veneers. If dentures are stained or discoloured, it may be worth visiting the dentist and asking him or her to clean them. Stained veneers, crowns and dentures may need replacing. Again, ask your dentist.

Q How do I care for my teeth after whitening?

A Talk to your dentist about maintaining the colour of your teeth, and the products that are available for keeping the effect. Each individuals lifestyle needs to be assessed but good oral hygiene and regular visits to the hygienist will help to maintain the effect for longer.

Some people find that their teeth are sensitive for the first few days after treatment, but this wears off after a short while. Your dentist will advise you of the products you can use to counteract this.

Tray Whitening – animation & Qs & As

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

TRAY WHITENING

Q What does tooth whitening do?

Q What does the procedure involve?

A In a live tooth the dentist applies the whitening product using a specially made tray which fits into the mouth like a gum shield. The chemical is then activated using heat, or heat and light combined. The active ingredient in the product is normally hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide.

If the tooth has been root treated, the canal, which previously contained the nerve, may be reopened and the whitening product is put in.In both cases, the procedure needs to be repeated until the right shade is reached.

Q How long does the procedure take?

A First of all you will need 2 or 3 visits to your dentist. Your dentist will need to make a mouthguard and will need to take impressions for this at the first appointment. Once your dentist has started the treatment, you will have to continue the treatment at home. This will mean applying the bleach regularly over 2-4 weeks for 30 minutes to 1 hour at a time.

However, some newer products can be applied for up to 8 hours at a time, which means that a satisfactory result can be obtained in as little as 1 week.

Q Why would my teeth need to be bleached?

A Everyone is different; and just as our hair and skin colour varies, so do our teeth. Some teeth have a yellowish tinge, some are more beige very few are actually white. Teeth also yellow with age can become stained on the surface by food and drinks such as tea, coffee and blackcurrant. Calculus (tartar) can also affect the colour of the teeth. Some people may have staining inside their teeth. This can be caused by certain antibiotics or tiny cracks in the teeth, which take up the stain.

Q Will I be happy with the results?

A Treatment results may vary depending on the original shade of the teeth. Teeth will tend to darken slightly over time. The effect lasts for around 1 to 3 years, although sometimes it can last longer. Some people find that their teeth are sensitive for the first few days after treatment, but this wears off after a short while.

Q What about home kits?

A Over-the-counter kits are not recommended as they contain only a small amount of hydrogen peroxide which makes the product less effective. Some also contain mild acids, while others are abrasive. Although these products are cheaper, whitening is a complicated treatment procedure and should only be carried out by a dentist after a thorough examination and assessment of your teeth. It is very important to follow the instructions your dentist gives you, and to make sure that you go for any follow-up appointments recommended.

Q When might whitening not work?

Q What about whitening toothpaste?

A There are now several whitening toothpastes you can buy. Although they do not affect the natural colour of the tooth, they are effective at removing staining and therefore improving the overall appearance of the tooth. Whitening toothpaste may also help to keep up the appearance, once teeth have been professionally whitened.

Veneers for Diastema (gaps) – animation and Qs & As

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

VENEERS FOR A DIASTEMA

Q What is a diastema?

A A diastema is a space or gap between teeth very often your front teeth. This is very common in children and is part of their normal dental development. About 50% of children between the ages of 6 and 8 have these. Most of these spaces close naturally as the mouth and teeth develop. In some cases this gap does not close naturally and a dentists advice is sought.

Q What causes a diastema?

A There are many factors that can contribute to the development of a diastema.. Some of them include:

Abnormal bone structure sometimes the bone between the incisors will have a W-shaped defect which can be seen on an x-ray. Such a defect will prevent the teeth from touching.
Occasionally, there may be some extra tissue between the teeth which prevents them from touching.

If you bite your lower lip it may aggravate such a problem.

If your teeth have developed in such a way so as to allow space for the front teeth to drift apart.

If you have a large tongue it may push the teeth forward.
This is not an extensive list, but covers the main causes.

Q How will this gap affect me?

A A gap between childrens teeth often causes concern. It can have an effect on speech making s; sounds difficult to pronounce, aesthetics, balance and social behaviour.

Q What can a dentist do for me?

A There are many innovative treatments available restorative, surgery and orthodontic. Treatment choices vary, and can only be offered after the correct diagnosis has been made. A dentist will need to look closely at the patients medical and dental history, do x rays and clinical examinations and in some cases even do a tooth size evaluation.

Contributing factors may also need to be considered. These include spacing of teeth in the mouth, vertical tooth overlaps, normal growth and development, tooth size and tooth angles.

The best treatment for the particular patient needs to be chosen. It is often more important to treat the cause of the diastema, rather than simply focusing on correcting the gap.

Q How will my teeth be prepared?

A The surface of your tooth will need to be roughened a little so as to give the veneer more chance of bonding to your enamel. A mould will be made of your tooth and a porcelain veneer made using this to make a perfect fitting veneer. Veneers can be trimmed and shaped a little more by your dentist to make them look perfect.

Q Will it be painful?

A You teeth will be sensitive to cold for a while.

Q How long will the veneer last?

A Veneers can last for many years but, they are not indestructible and can be chipped or damaged if treated roughly.

Veneers – treatment animation and Qs & As

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

VENEERS

Q What is a veneer?

A A veneer is a thin layer of porcelain made to fit over the front surface of a tooth, like a false fingernail fits over a nail. Sometimes a natural colour composite material is used instead of porcelain.

Q What are the advantages of veneers?

A Veneers make teeth look natural and healthy, and because they are very thin and are held in place by a special strong bond (rather like super-glue) very little preparation of the tooth is needed.

Q When would I need a veneer?

A Veneers can improve the colour, shape and position of teeth. A precise shade of porcelain can be chosen to give the right colour to improve a single discoloured or stained tooth or to lighten front teeth (usually the upper ones) generally. A veneer can make a chipped tooth look intact again. The porcelain covers the whole of the front of the tooth with a thicker section replacing the broken part. Veneers can also be used to close small gaps, when orthodontics (braces) are not suitable. If one tooth is slightly out of position, a veneer can sometimes be fitted to bring it into line with the others.

Q What about alternatives?

A A natural-coloured filling material can be used for minor repairs to front teeth. This is excellent where the tooth supports the filling, but may not work so well for broken tooth corners. There will always be a join between the tooth and the filling material.

Crowns are used for teeth that need to be strengthened either because they have broken, have been weakened by a very large filling, or have had root canal treatment.

Q How long will a veneer last?

A Veneers should last for many years, but they can chip or break, just as your own teeth can. Your dentist will tell you how long each individual veneer should last. Small chips can be repaired, or a new veneer fitted if necessary.
Q How are teeth prepared for a veneer?

A Some of the shiny outer enamel surface of the tooth may be removed, to make sure that the veneer can be bonded permanently in place later. The amount of enamel removed is tiny and will be the same as the thickness of the veneer to be fitted, so that the tooth stays the same size. A local anaesthetic (injection) may be used to make sure that there is no discomfort, but often this is not necessary. Once the tooth has been prepared, the dentist will take an impression. This will be given to the dental technician, along with any other information needed to make the veneer. The colour of the surrounding teeth is matched on a shade guide to make sure that the veneer will look entirely natural.

Q How long will it take?

A A veneer takes at least two visits; the first to prepare the tooth and to match the shade, and the second to fit it. Before bonding it in place, your dentist will show you the veneer on your tooth to make sure you are happy with it. Bonding a veneer in place is done with a special adhesive, which holds it firmly on the tooth.

Q Will I need a temporary veneer between visits?

A Because the preparation of the tooth is so slight you will probably not need a temporary veneer. The tooth will look very much the same after preparation, but will feel slightly less smooth.

Q What happens after the veneer is fitted?

A Only minor adjustments can be made to the veneer after it is fitted. It is usually best to wait a little while to get used to it before any changes are made. Your dentist will probably want to check and polish it a week or so after it is fitted, and to make sure that you are happy with it.

Q How much will it cost?

A You can have veneers on the NHS. However, many dentists prefer to provide cosmetic treatment privately. It is important to discuss charges and treatment options with your dentist before starting treatment.

Crowns – animation and Qs and As

Posted on July 12, 2009 by Editor

CROWNS

Q What is a crown?

Q Why would I need a crown?

Q What are crowns made of?

A Crowns are made of a variety of materials and new materials are being introduced all the time. Here are some of the options available at present:

Q How is a tooth prepared for a crown?

Q Who makes the crown?

Q Will the crown be noticeable?

A No. The crown will be made to match your other teeth exactly. The shade of the neighbouring teeth will be recorded, to make sure that the colour looks natural and matches the surrounding teeth. A temporary crown, usually made in plastic, will be fitted at the end of the first appointment to last until the permanent one is ready. These temporary crowns may be more noticeable, but they are only in place for about two weeks.

Q How long does the treatment take?

A You will need to have at least two visits: the first for the preparation, impression, shade taking and fitting the temporary crown, and the second to fit the permanent crown.

Q Does it hurt to have a tooth prepared for a crown?

Q Are post crowns different?

Q Are there any alternatives to post crowns for root-filled teeth?

A If a root-filled tooth is not completely broken down, it may be possible to build it up again using filling material. This

core is then prepared in the same way as a natural tooth and the impressions are taken.

Q How long will a crown last?

Q How are crowns fixed to teeth?

A Once the fit and appearance of the crown has been checked and approved by you it will be cemented in place with special dental cement. The cement also forms a seal to help hold it firmly in place.

Q Will the crown feel different?

Q Is there an alternative to a crown?

A A veneer may be an alternative to having an anterior crown. Your dentist will advise you of any suitable alternatives.

10% discount for ELIXIR readers on new zero calorie sweetner

Posted on July 9, 2009 by Editor

A new natural sugar alternative thats safe for diabetics is now available and to mark its debut Zsweet is offering all ELIXIR readers a 10% discount.

All you have to do is go to www.zsweet.eu and click to buy a packet of Zsweet. After choosing your shipping destination, you will be asked to insert the media code ZSWTEN1

One of the strongest sugar-substitute contenders to enter the marketplace, Zsweet® was ten years in the developing by a small American company whose mission it was to find low glycemic alternatives of the highest integrity and quality.

Its unique formulation makes it taste and look just like sugar, from its white sugar-like crystals to its like-for-like usage in baking what better way to ease yourself into your bikini, ready for the imminent heatwave!

Zsweet doesnt raise blood sugar levels the green light for diabetics

Has no artificial ingredients a healthy way of eating

Doesnt cause irritation during digestion

Contains zero tooth decaying properties great for kids

Its free from all bitter/nasty aftertastes unlike most sweeteners on the market

Contains zero calories great for the waistline

Unlike other sweeteners, Zsweet doesnt contain any bulking up ingredients so can be measured and used just use it like ordinary sugar.

Its founder, Tim Avila, was devastated when his mother was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 10 years ago. He was already working with a natural product called erythritol (pronounced ee-rith-ri-tol) and saw many health benefits that could be developed. He borrowed $1.5million and over the next six years, made Zsweet what it is today.

Zsweet is now being introduced to Britain by European distributor Cormac Walsh, who said: I first became involved after my sister was also diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. It helps diabetics in a huge way because they no longer have real anxiety about eating cakes and buns.
As from November (2008) the E.U. officially recognises erythritol as zero calorie sweetener thereby formalising Zsweets benefits:

1. Zero calories per gram due to erythritols unique absorption and elimination process which does not involve the metabolism of erythritol.

2. Zero rated on glycemic index meaning that it does not have an effect on blood serum glucose or insulin levels – clinical studies conducted in people with diabetes conclude that erythritol may be safely used to replace sucrose in foods formulated specifically for people with diabetes.

3. Zero tooth decaying properties erythritol is resistant to metabolism by oral bacteria which break down sugars and starches to produce acids which may lead to tooth enamel loss and cavities formation.

4. Safe erythritol as a food ingredient is substantiated by a number of human and animal safety studies including short and long term feeding, multi-generation reproduction and teratology studies.
(source: Information)

Zsweet is made from a blend of erythritol and natural fruit extracts as flavour enhancers with no artificial components not even trace amounts.

As Dr Roisin Lagan from CAFRE (College of Agriculture, Food and Rural Enterprise – Loughry Campus) states, Consumers are demanding a reduction in overall use of artificial colours, flavours and preservatives in food products. Alternative methodologies and natural ingredients are being investigated to maintain the product safety and quality consumers have come to expect from their food products.

As the research is still ongoing, Dr Roisin adds that, …one area under investigation by food technologists, is the potential of natural sweeteners, such as Zsweet, to reduce sugar levels in food products.

CAFRE is an integral part of the Northern Ireland Department of Agriculture & Rural Development). Loughry is the Colleges centre of excellence for food technology and has lead responsibility for people development and technology transfer programmes in the food processing and supply industry. It provides key expertise in food manufacture, safety, packaging, innovation and waste minimisation.

So when you are craving for a spoonful of sugar, try a spoonful of this brand new sweetener Zsweet sprinkled over your morning cereal or over your evening dessert of fresh berries and crème fraiche and odds on, youll be a Zsweet convert.

More Information

Zsweet can only be purchased on line at www.zsweet.eu
Prices start at £8.49 for 300gms
,

Scientists create human sperm

Posted on July 8, 2009 by Editor

Newcastle: British scientists created human sperm from stem cells for the first time in a bid to better understand the causes of male infertility.

The researchers, led by Karim Nayernia from Newcastle University, developed a technique to turn stem cells with male chromosomes from human embryos into reproductive cells, known as germline, and prompt them to divide, they said in a study published in the journal Stem Cells and Development today. The divided cells produced functional sperm, the scientists said.

The new technique will allow researchers to study in detail how sperm forms and lead to a better understanding of infertility in men, Professor Nayernia said in a statement released with the study. This understanding could help us develop new ways to help couples suffering infertility so they can have a child which is genetically their own.

The research may also help scientists understand how genetic diseases are passed on, according to the statement.

The lab-created sperm wont be used for fertilization of human eggs and implantation of embryos, the researchers said. While we can understand that some people may have concerns, this does not mean that humans can be produced in a dish and we have no intention of doing this, they wrote.

Stem cells, which have the power to become any type of cell in the body, are controversial when research involves human embryos, which are killed when the cells are harvested.

In another medical journal last week, more than 40 scientists, bio-ethicists, lawyers and science journal editors called on their colleagues and policy makers to develop guidelines for the research and reproductive use of stem cell- derived eggs and sperm.

Turn back the clock with a good night’s sleep

Posted on July 3, 2009 by Editor

Sealy are the worlds biggest bed company (one of their beds is sold somewhere in the world every 3 seconds) so its fair to say they know more about sleep than most.

Thats why their latest Posturepedic bed range, is the most technologically advanced, ever, with seven zones along the length of the bed and each zone tailor made to react to each part of the body.

With research1 showing just over 50% of us only get a really good nights sleep just once a week and the repercussions this undoubtedly has on our everyday health and wellbeing, we need to do as much as we can to help ourselves remedy this situation.

Scientists say the body needs to gently move 35 times a night in order to reoxygenate its muscles and keep the blood circulating smoothly. This movement, however, is not the same as tossing and turning which uses energy and leaves us feeling more tired when we wake up than when we went to bed!

Tossing and turning happens because some parts of our bodies are heavier than others, creating areas of concentrated weight and pressure. This pressure causes loss of circulation leading to numbness and pins and needles and the automatic reaction by the body is to move and turn over to lay in a different position. But, the more supportive your mattress, the more pressure points are created, and the more pressure relief offered, the less support you get. To eliminate these pressure points, ideally you need both push-back support and maximum pressure relief. The problem is that there are all sorts of different types of bed available to choose from and each offers different options to help you sleep, but,

Memory foam beds relieve pressure but give poor support and can also be very warm

Pocket sprung beds provide comfort but poor pressure relief

Traditional continuous coil beds provide good support but limited comfort

The solution to all this is a bed with a mattress that answers all the problems by dealing with them in the appropriate zones. Sealy undertook a pressure mapping exercise the biggest ever undertaken around the world, in some 50 countries – to investigate height, weight and BMI, side sleeping positions and duration of positions and involving literally thousands of people of every size and shape imaginable to research how we all sleep.

This has now resulted in Sealy Posturepedic beds which are divided into 7 zones individually designed to provide maximum pressure relief but with the push-back support that is equally important and of course also providing maximum comfort and temperature and moisture control to stop you feeling too hot or too cold. These are the only beds that tick all the boxes to help you get a Sealy better nights sleep.

Married life helps prevent Alzheimer’s, says new report

Posted on July 3, 2009 by Editor

Stockholm: The mental engagement of marriage may protect against the brain disease, Alzheimier’s.

People who have a partner or are married in middle age are at half the risk of developing dementia as those who live alone, says a study.

Getting divorced and becoming widowed in mid-life raises the risk three-fold.

The study by researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm is one of the first to focus on marital status and the risk of dementia.

Previous research already suggests that social isolation or lack of personal contact carries an increased risk of dementia and mental decline.

An American study last year found significant links between feelings of loneliness and the chances of suffering Alzheimer’s.

In the latest study, researchers, led by Professor Miia Kivipelto, interviewed 2,000 people aged 50 on average and then again 21 years later, drawing conclusions from three quarters of those initially involved.

They found that middle-aged people who live alone have double the risk of dementia compared with those who are married or have a partner.
Those living alone in middle-age and who are widowed or divorced have the highest chances of developing dementia.

They are three times more likely to develop diseases such as Alzheimer’s, as are people who are single during middle-age.

People living with a partner or married in mid-life were less likely than the single, separated or widowed to have dementia in later life.

The experts suggested women overall had less chance of dementia than men, but called for more research into differences between the sexes in a report in the British Medical Journal.

The report said: ‘There is a substantial and independent association between marital status in mid-life and cognitive function later in life.’

The researchers speculate that the stress of becoming widowed may play a part in declining mental functions.

Precisely what the connection is between being alone and Alzheimer’s remains an unanswered question.

But experts suspect that constant social interaction between marriage partners may keep brain cells in better working order.

Other studies have revealed that the risk of dementia can be reduced by exercise, a healthy diet and a ‘rich social network’.

The best evidence is around eating a Mediterranean diet, exercising regularly, and getting your cholesterol and blood pressure checked regularly.

Estroven Nighttime – natural hop formula reduces night sweats

Posted on July 2, 2009 by Editor

The menopause affects women differently but most will experience a variety of physical and emotional changes which can cause them to feel out of sorts, forgetful, tired and emotional something todays busy women could do without!

But now there is a natural product that will enable women to continue to live life to its full potential by supporting overall health and wellbeing, especially at night. Estroven Nighttime has been designed to provide gentle nutritional support during the period when a womans level of oestrogen, a key hormone, is out of balance or in decline.

During the menopause the levels of oestrogen – which have fluctuated during the perimenopause drop. This hormone imbalance may exacerbate a number of symptoms including night sweats, which then hampers restful sleep, interferes with sleep patterns and can result in overall tiredness and irritability.

Estroven Nighttime can be taken before, during and after menopause. Each caplet of Estroven Nighttime contains 40mg of natural isoflavones from a unique combination of soya and Japanese arrowroot. These phytoestrogens a plant compound which mimics the effect of oestrogen occur naturally in foods such as soya, lentils and other legumes. The average UK diet is low in these isoflavones, so using this supplement may help menopause sufferers during this period. In addition, the product contains essential vitamins and minerals to help maintain general well being , as well as relaxing ingredients such as magnesium, Dateseed extract and Hops extract to offer support when most needed at night.

Hops are a well-renowned herb that has been used for many years for its natural mild sedative and relaxing properties. Date seed extract is used for its calming effects and magnesium is an important mineral in the body to maintain healthy muscles by helping them to relax.

Health & Well-Being Consultant, Liz Tucker says; The symptoms of menopause can mess up your moods, make you feel exhausted and out of control. Symptom severity and time scale can vary greatly and it is this uncertainty that many women dread. Fortunately there are some simple natural steps every woman can take that could help reduce and stabilize negative menopausal effects.

“Research² indicates that an improved diet and specific supplements can help, in particular increasing your intake of phytoestrogens. These are found in plant based foods such as soya and supplements such as Estroven Nighttime which have been specifically designed to alleviate the symptoms of night sweats and sleep problems.”

So, if you are looking for a product which supports wellbeing during menopause and helps you relax at night, then try Estroven Nighttime. Available in packs of 14 caplets, priced at £6.85. Estroven Nighttime is available from Boots, Tesco, Holland & Barrett and independent pharmacies and healthfood stores. It will sit alongside the original Estroven product which aids womens overall wellbeing by day, and is available in packs of 30 caplets and retails at £14.68.

For more information on Estroven and Estroven Nighttime please contact the Estroven Careline on 0844 800 9348 (UK telephone number)

More Information

¹ Estroven Nighttime contains: Vitamin D, Vitamin B6, Calcium, Magnesium, Isoflavones, Date Seed Extract and Hops Extract
² Full scientific data at Estroven

Western Loire – Spas and so much more

Posted on June 30, 2009 by Editor

If you love pristine beaches of fine yellow sand, gourmet food, fine wine and world-class spas then the Western Loire is a perfect destination if you want to splash out on a romantic weekend. Its also great for budget family holidays – eating out doesn’t need to be expensive – the area is also known for its crêpes and local cidre.

And its quick and easy to get to, particularly from the UK as the low-cost airlines fly to Nante.

The Western Loire is just below Brittany and includes unspolit coastline with ancient fishing ports such as Piriac-sur-Mer, Le Croisic and the mediaeval fortified town of Guérande, in the heart of ancient salt marshes. A unique local landmark of this area are the carrelets the huts on stilts in the seabed which are dotted along the coast and still used for fishing.

The local climate is mild year-round so its possible to walk on the beach under blue skies even in January.

One of the most popular spots is the upmarket seaside resort of La Baule, which has one of the best beaches in Europe – it’s huge and crescent-shaped and stretches for miles. It is also one of the cleanest – smoking is banned and after sundown every day the beach is cleaned. The town has a population of affluent retirees which is reflected in the quality of the shopping, the property market and restaurants where you can get the best local seafood and the finest Loire wines such as Muscadet

Fortunately the region is not yet on the radar of the holiday hoards and you can listen to the sound of the ocean and breathe in the fresh salty air in relative tranquility.

The salt marshes and wetlands around Guérand, for example, are protected and of great ornithalogical interest as they provide a refuge for many migrating species flying between Europe and Africa. There are guides at the Salt Museum who can take you through the marshes and point out the wildlife which you might otherwise miss.

The superior quality of the local salt which has unique minerals is why it is known as ‘white gold’ and also the reason this region is has world-class thalassotherapy treatments – where seawater is the main rejuvenating ingredient.

One of the other delightful aspects is that they actively encourage family participation in spa rituals. Many have dedicated babycare to give parents a break, programmes for new fathers to interact with babies and special programmes for young mothers.

This is all in addition to fitness programmes, weight loss, smoking cessation, physiotherapy, beauty, and cosmetic treatments which can be tailored to individual requirements with all the benefits of the latest techniques combined with the special properties of seawater. And there are always other activities such as golf and horse-riding nearby.

At the traditional fishing village of Pornic is the Alliance Pornic Resort Hotel & Thalassotherapy Centre. This is in a quiet and intimate setting next to the beach on the edge of a small village. The rooms are bright and light – designed for relaxing and most have sea views and balconies. You can also walk from your room to the thalassotherapy area. The restaurant, La Source, is designed like a ship and overlooks the large bay.

The spa is state-of-the art with a seawater indoor pool that is heated to 30oC. There is an aquatic trail with Jacuzzi, jet streams, cascade showers, bubble baths and bubble beds, a steam room, men and womens saunas, a fitness and gym room.

The spa has an exceptional menu of treatments that span European, Asian and Oriental traditions. As well as slimming and cellulite programmes. Surprisingly the resort only has three stars but it more like a five star.

The food here is excellent and you can walk off any excess by rambling along the nearby cliffs and beaches.

In La Baule, the Royal-Thalasso is a very different kind of hotel and spa experience. It is one of those really grande 19th century resort hotels, with red carpets, cabinets of glamorous clothes and jewellery and a top-hatted doorman.

Here you are in the centre of town, minutes from the beach and right next to the casino if you want to indulge.

The Spa again is impressive catering for parents who want to destress – they have male and female nannies for children. The area and care dedicated to the younger ones is phenomenal.

This is a great luxury hotel but it doesn’t stint on the family stuff.
From the moment of arrival, younger guests are given special attention with their very own welcome gift. In the room, they will find specially created bathroom amenities and, they also have their own menus at the restaurant and with room service. The hotel also has a Baby Club for smaller guests of 10 weeks to 5 years which is open daily

Other activities such as horse-riding, watersports, tennis and hiking are also available. And if you fancy a quick spin round the town – you can always hire a ‘Segway’ from the local tourist office. You can ride the pavements and terrorize the locals on this two wheeled electric transport device.

Dont miss: Restaurant Le Beau Rivage, Pornic – local fish specialities. www.restaurant-beaurivage.com
The mediaeval town of Guérande which overlooks the ancient salt marshes – the Pays Blanc and the Pays Noir are where peat can be found. For more than 1000 years the salt-panners have fashioned the mosaic of clay and water into a unique ecological site.
Visit the Salt Museum at Terre de Sel Pradel and buy the Guérande Gros Sel and Fleur de Sel – the salts prized by top chefs.
Crêperie La Salorge, Saille T +33 (0)2 4014 4419 – traditional creperie serving the local cidre;
Restaurant Le Gulf Stream, Plage Le Baule T: 33 (0)2 40 24 48 07 www.legulfstream.com

Factfile:

France Information Line: 09068 244 123 www.franceguide.com
Easyjet flies from London Stansted/Luton to Nantes. Bookings at www.easyjet.com
Pornic Resort Hotel Thalasso, Pornic T: 33 (0)2 40 64 01 80 www.thalassopornic.com
Royal-Thalasso Barrière, La Baule Reservations: + 33 (0)825 826 016 www.lucienbarriere.com
La Baule Tourist Office T + 33 (0)2 40243499

What lurks in your home?

Posted on June 30, 2009 by Editor

London: The kitchen tap is dirtier than the toilet seat when it comes to bacterial contamination according to a new study.

The study, carried out by the Hygiene Council and supported by Dettol, reveals Britons poor hygiene practices in the home, which are putting people at risk from the spread of germs and infectious disease. With the World Health Organisation reporting the first global flu pandemic for 41 years, the study findings are especially worrying as they suggest that modern British households are in danger of germ contamination.

When it comes to bacteria and viruses, appearances can be deceiving. As they cannot be seen by the naked eye, we often assume items are clean when in microbiological terms they are not.

In this video, food safety consultant Dr Lisa Ackerley tells us more about the findings of the Hygiene In The Home study 2009, showing us where the germ hot spots are with the help of swab test evidence and advice on what to do about the nasties that lurk there.

Anything coming into regular human contact can be a breeding ground for unhealthy bacteria from your remote control and telephone to the worst culprit, the kitchen cloth. Keeping a home clean and hygienic doesnt have to be a chore – here are some simple tips to ensure your house is a germ-free zone.

TO WATCH VIDEO, CLICK HERE:VIDEO

For more information visit www.hygienecouncil.com

Style tips for busy mums by Caryn Franklin

Posted on June 29, 2009 by Editor

London: Caryn Franklin gives three women makeovers to demonstrate how mums on the run can look great without spending lots of time…

Working mums dont have time for several costume changes a day. Instead, its a case of making the same outfit work for all occasions, from the school gates to the office and then out on that rare night out with the girls.

A recent survey has shown 81% of working women experience frustrating dead time, (averaging over half an hour a day) where they feel stuck inbetween work and leisure and are unable to make the most of either. Almost two thirds of women wish they could use this for some much needed me time while another fifth wish they could use this dead time to get some more work done in order to fully relax.

Whatever you want to do to transform your dead time, you need the wardrobe and the tools to make the most of it. The BBC Clothes Shows Caryn Franklin has taken the three lucky winners of a national competition held in association with Vodafone Netbooks and given them just that. Incorporating workwear that fits equally well for that drink after work and allowing their outfits to reflect the increasingly blurring lines between work & life

But its not just about shoes, bags and make-up the latest tools to keep you in touch and on the pulse are vital life accessories that can kill off dead-time and make a look work through the whole day wherever you are. More at www.vodafone.co.uk

See Caryn and her ladies makeover in this video Makeover Mums

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