A trip to the dentist can be dreaded for some, but we want you to be confident in your smile. With Ordo, you’ll be better informed and connected.
Ordo has a team of professionals who will share their top tips, passion, support and expertise with you.
And you will never be embarrassed by that worn out and unhygienic toothbrush ever again.
Current tea consumption is unlikely to provide fluoride intakes that exceed safe limits for adults and children according to a new study just presented to the Nutrition Society by Dr Carrie Ruxton, independent public health nutritionist.
Commenting on the research study, author and member of the Tea Advisory Panel (TAP), Dr Carrie Ruxton notes: “Current tea intakes do not provide enough fluoride to meet the Recommended Daily Amount (RDA) for this mineral, and the potential dental health benefits of fluoride cannot be accessed unless tea consumption increases to 3-4 servings/day from the current intake of 1-2 servings a day.
“This latest study helps to put the record straight in the context of a 2013 study that measured the fluoride content of 38 tea bags and concluded that economy versions of tea represented a risk to dental and skeletal health. These conclusions were somewhat surprising given that official bodies view fluoride as a means to deliver dental health benefits when recommended amounts are consumed. Public Health England (PHE), for example, is clear about the benefits of water fluoridation and recommends that the practice is extended.”
Dr Tim Bond from TAP adds: “The 2013 study was also flawed in several respects. Firstly, tea was brewed for 2 minutes – longer than the typical brewing time of 30-40 seconds. Secondly, 2g of dry tea was added to 100ml of water making the infusion more concentrated that a typical tea bag in a cup or mug. Thirdly, the study compared the fluoride intake with the US Dietary Reference Intake rather than the EU Safe Upper Level.
“This latest study replicated the situation of a typical cup or mug of tea in that a single tea bag was added to 240ml of boiling water and brewed for 40 seconds. Tea bags from 49 retail brands were analysed.
“Average fluoride content of black blended tea in this study was 4.91mg/litre and similar to the findings of the 2013 study. However, according to the 2014 NDNS figures, average tea consumption in the UK is 395ml daily and intakes at the safe upper level of intake are 1155ml daily. Fluoride intakes from tea (which is estimated to provide 70% of the UK’s fluoride intake) will likely be lower than the safe upper level of 7mg daily (5mg in children) even among those people with intakes of tea at the higher end of the population. Moreover, this latest study shows that current average intakes of tea do not provide the RDA for fluoride suggesting that tea intake should increase to access the benefits of fluoride for dental health.”
About the Tea Advisory Panel
The Tea Advisory Panel: The Tea Advisory Panel is supported by an unrestricted educational grant from the UK Tea Council, the trade association for the tea industry. The Panel has been created to provide media with impartial information regarding the health benefits of tea. Panel members include nutritionists; dieticians and doctors
£49.99 at Boots.com
We all want a whiter, brighter smile but with professional whitening treatments at the dentist costing up to £700 a time, they aren’t within everyone’s reach.
This month, however, sees the launch of a groundbreaking teeth whitening system set to change all that. Based on the same light activating technology used by dentists but in a portable kit for use at home, Luster Pro Light promises whiter, brighter teeth in as little as 30 minutes and with no tooth or gum sensitivity which can be a common and unwanted side effect of other DIY whitening treatments.
Already a best-seller and close to becoming the No1 teeth whitening system in America where it first went on sale, Luster Pro Light is the UK’s first complete DIY teeth whitening system to use the same paint-on gel and activating ‘blue light’ technology used by dentists. Professional laser treatments, where this laser light is used to activate bleach applied to the teeth, are considered the safest route to a brighter smile but are also the most costly.
Priced at £49.99 the Luster Pro Light system costs a fraction of the price of professional treatments and it already has a pre order waiting list when it goes on sales at Boots.com this month.
Up until now, trays and strips have been the most popular DIY treatments. Trays come with a whitening agent that you attach to your teeth but can be fiddly and because the trays aren’t custom-fitted they can cause uneven distribution of bleach and spotting on the teeth. Whitening strips are also popular but can only whiten the front teeth.
The three-step Luster Pro Light kit carries some of the strongest claims on the market and is based on an easy to use rinse, brush and light regime that visibly whitens teeth in half the time of other trays, strips, gels and rinses. Most importantly, it won’t cause teeth or gum sensitivity and soreness, symptoms often experienced with other home whitening systems. In as little as 30 minutes, users reported teeth whitening of up to six shades lighter than their original shade.
How Luster Pro Light works:
Step 1: Rinse with the mouth wash for 10 seconds.
Step 2: Brush the whitener gel on your top and bottom teeth.
Step 3: Hold the whitening light about six inches from your teeth for 2 minutes. There is a built-in timer, so no need for a stopwatch. Repeat the process 10 times and the treatment is complete.
Luster Pro Light is part of the Luster Premium White range, a daily oral care whitening regime which has become a runaway success since its launch. Close to becoming the most popular home whitening system in America, the range also includes whitening toothpastes and mouthwash that can be used daily to maintain the results of the Pro Light system, keep teeth white, gums healthy and to freshen breath.
The range includes Luster Premium White Luster NOW! Instant Whitening Toothpaste 3 x 45 ml Tubes £11.99
Developed using a breakthrough whitening complex, the Luster NOW! Instant Whitening Toothpaste will instantly whiten teeth after just ONE Brush. This convenient 3-pack is perfect for work, home and for travel and this daily anti-cavity toothpaste gentle enough for daily use.
Top 5 tips to keep teeth whiter than white
1. Use whitening toothpaste in conjunction with a teeth whitening system to keep the shine from fading and stains at bay.
2. Use a whitening floss to reach the plaque-heavy areas between teeth that soak up colours
3. Invest in an electric toothbrush to keep your smile cleaner and whiter. A high quality electric brush will remove most stains from the surface of the teeth which, over time, will help take teeth back to their original colour.
4. Crunchy, crispy fruits have an abrasiveness that can help to lift stains from the teeth and give the illusion that they are whiter. Try munching on apples, celery and carrots, which have enough abrasiveness to clean the tooth surface without harming the enamel.
5. Watch the tea, coffee, juice and wine – they’re all oral-bling killers.
Luster Pro Light goes on sale at Boots this month. It will be available in larger stores nationwide and also from Boots.com
London: Multiple exposures to dental x-rays may be associated with increased risk of developing thyroid cancer, according to new research.
A collaborative study by scientists from Brighton, Cambridge, and Kuwait showed that the risk of thyroid cancer increased with increasing number of dental x-rays taken.
About 1900 new cases of thyroid cancer are diagnosed each year in Great Britain and the incidence rates more than doubled from 1.4 to 2.9 per 100,000 persons between 1975 and 2006. Increasing use of sensitive diagnostic techniques is not considered to account for all this increase and the researchers believe other causes need investigation.
The research team was led by Dr Anjum Memon (pictured), senior lecturer and consultant in public health medicine at Brighton and Sussex Medical School, a partnership between Brighton and Sussex universities, and NHS Brighton and Hove.
The thyroid gland is situated in the neck, and will be exposed to radiation from many dental x-rays. It is known to be highly sensitive to ionising radiation, particularly in children, and dental radiography, a source of low-dose diagnostic radiation, is often overlooked as a potential hazard to the gland.
The researchers studied 313 thyroid cancer patients in Kuwait where dental treatment is free and where the incidence of thyroid cancer is relatively high compared to Britain. They said the results of their study, although the largest case-control study on the subject, should be treated with caution because the data were necessarily based on self-reporting by the participants. Comprehensive historical dental x-ray records were not available from the clinics.
They said the results provide good evidence to warrant more research in settings where historical dental x-ray records are available and where doses of radiation can be estimated.
Dr Memon said the findings were consistent with previous reports of increased risk of thyroid cancer in dentists, dental assistants, and x-ray workers which suggest that multiple low-dose exposures in adults may also be important. He said dental x-rays have also been associated with an increased risk of brain and salivary gland tumours.
He said: The public health and clinical implications of these findings are particularly relevant in the light of increases in the incidence of thyroid cancer in many countries over the past 30 years.
It is important that our study is repeated with information from dental records including frequency of x-rays, age and dose at exposure. If the results are confirmed then the use of x-rays as a necessary part of evaluation for new patients, and routine periodic dental radiography (at 612 months interval), particularly for children and adolescents, will need to be reconsidered, as will a greater use of lead collar protection.
He added: Our study highlights the concern that like chest (or other upper-body) x-rays, dental x-rays should be prescribed when the patient has a specific clinical need, and not as part of routine check-up or when registering with a dentist.
He concluded: The notion that low-dose radiation exposure through dental radiography is absolutely safe needs to be investigated further, as although the individual risk, particularly with modern equipment is likely to be very low, the proportion of the population exposed is high.
The research team, whose findings have been published in Acta Oncologica, 2010; 49:447-453, called for further studies using dental X-ray records.
The research was funded by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) and was administered by the Kuwait University Research Grant Administration.
Lead researcher was Anjum Memon with Sara Godward, Dillwyn Williams, Iqbal Siddique and Khalid Al-Saleh.
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About Brighton and Sussex Medical School
Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS) is partnership between the University of Brighton, University of Sussex and the local NHS health community. At BSMS, we identify research areas in medicine where we believe we can make a rapid and real difference. Our focus is on the continuous improvement of population health and medical treatment to deliver more personalised healthcare for patients, by applying basic science to answer fundamental clinical questions. BSMS brings together the combined expertise of the universities of Brighton and Sussex and the local NHS health economy, to deliver research which is directly translated into health gains for the population.
Thyroid cancer statistics from Cancer Research UK.
www.bsms.ac.uk
As studies reveal that white teeth can improve your social, personal and work life, in this exclusive web video Suzi Perry talks to top celebrity dentist Dr. Phil Stemmer about how to get the perfect smile.
To get that perfect Hollywood smile, the top tips recommended are:
Brushing your teeth daily with a good quality electric toothbrush for at least two minutes
Flossing daily to remove the plaque where the toothbrush cant reach
Professional whitening/ veneers/ orthodontics
Watch the video below and go to www.oralb.com
The British Dental Health Foundation and Oral-B research shows that people dont understand that a smile can actually be a barometer of your overall wellbeing, and that a good oral care routine has potential health benefits beyond just your teeth and gums.
Dr Nigel Carter, Chief Executive of the British Dental Health Foundation says: Oral health is often seen as of secondary importance to general health – around 85% of people are completely unaware of the link between the health of the mouth and the health of the body. This years National Smile Month Theme: Teeth4Life will highlight the importance of maintaining and looking after the health your teeth throughout life.
Luckily as summer approaches 60% of Brits understand that fad diets like the Maple Syrup Diet are going to play havoc with their smiles. However most people mistakenly think that red wine is worse for their teeth than white- incorrect! Research shows that red wine can actually ward off tooth decay* (due to the chemicals in it that stop harmful bacteria sticking to teeth), and it is in fact white wines like Pinot Grigio and Chardonnay that can be the most staining to teeth, as they actually wear away the protective enamel**.
Shockingly a third of us think that nothing serious will happen to us if we neglect our gums, whereas research has linked gum disease to potential risk of heart disease, diabetes, strokes, premature births, low birth-weight babies, and even infertility. Definitely time for Brits to brush up on their oral health knowledge!
The survey, conducted to highlight National Smile month this May, shows that people think you should only brush your teeth for around 30 seconds, when dentists recommend a minimum of 2 minutes every morning and evening.
Celebrity dentist and Oral-B ambassador Dr Phil Stemmer recommends using a power brush to ensure his patients brush for the optimum 2 minutes of time: It is shocking that the National Smile Month research has revealed that people are only brushing their teeth for 30 seconds. To really ensure you brush for long enough, try the Oral-B PC Triumph 5000 with SmartGuide which not only times how long you brush your teeth for but also encourages better brushing habits. The SmartGuide display helps to prevent common problems like brushing too hard, not brushing for long enough and unequal brushing.
The National Smile Month survey also reveals that over a quarter of people in the UK (26%) are damaging their teeth by brushing just after breakfast, while an astonishing 38% assume they should brush their teeth after every single meal for optimum oral health. Dr Phil Stemmer recommends brushing before eating,: The enamel that coats the outer layer of our teeth is temporarily softened by acidic foods, such as fruit, he explains.Brush first thing in the morning before breakfast- and once more in evening at least half an hour after eating.
In the football smile stakes, Cheryl Cole was voted the pearly queen, having the best celebrity WAG smile, whereas Rooneys ankle injury has clearly left him down in the mouth – he has been voted the footballer with the worst smile, even compared to famously buck-toothed Ronaldinho.
This years National Smile Month campaign slogan, Teeth4Life, highlights the importance of looking after your teeth and maintaining them for life, whilst also stressing that a healthy diet can improve the quality of your life. Oral B are the experts in oral care and as the number one brand recommended by UK dentists, passionately believe in helping the nation to brush up on their oral hygiene for healthier, confident smiles.
More information on the survey
The Oral-B National Smile Month Survey was conducted across ten of the UKs largest cities, across males and females aged 18-60+Oral-B power toothbrushes are available from selected larger supermarkets, department stores and chemists. For additional information regarding Oral-Bs wide range of oral care products please visit www.oralb.com/uk
Oral-B Triumph 5000 with SmartGuide
The new sleeker, more ergonomic OralB Triumph 5000 is the next generation in premium rechargeable toothbrushes designed to fight plaque and be gentle on gums. This revolutionary toothbrush combines Oral-Bs most clinically advanced 3D cleaning and whitening technology.
The Triumph 5000 works by using microchips embedded in the brush head and handle to monitor brushing activity and provide real-time guidance of your oral care routine via SmartGuide Wireless which communicates with the digital display. The display guides you through your brushing technique to encourage better brushing habits and helps prevent common problems such as brushing too hard, unequal brushing and not brushing for long enough (ensuring the all important two minutes of brushing time is reached). It comes complete with 4 customised brushing modes, including massage and polish; it is like having a dental supervisor in the bathroom with you every time you brush.
RRP £160.00
* Research from Pavia University, Italy 2010
**Journal of Nutrition, 2009Research looking at systemic links between oral health and overall health:
HEART
December 2008 Italian/UK study in FASEB Journal reveals good oral healthcare and treatment for gum disease can prevent the bacteria that cause thickening of the arteries. (Piconi, Trabattoni et al, FASEB Journal Dec 08)
September 2008 – scientists present the Society of General Microbiologys autumn meeting with two new studies linking between gum disease and heart disease.
o A University of Bristol-led presentation shows how the 700 million oral bacteria present a clear risk, with harmful bacteria bonding to protect against the immune system or antibiotics, and increasing chances of heart disease even in the case of fit healthy people (Jenkinson, Kerrigan et al Uni Bristol/RCS Dublin Sep 08)
o A study presented by University of Otagos Professor Greg Seymour finds that oral bacteria causes atherosclerosis, or furring of the arteries, as oral bacterias similarity to proteins which cause arteries to fur confuses the immune system.
Jan 2006 – PERICAR trial, a collaboration between Australias Sydney Dental Hospital and Royal North Shore Hospital and Norways University of Oslo. Strong evidence that treating gum disease can reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke. Inflammation in the mouth has a measurable effect in the bloodstream and the rest of the body. Once the gum infection was eradicated the risk of heart attacks and future blood clots was reduced. (Taylor, Tofler et al; Journal of Dental Research, January 2006)
DIABETES
November 2008 Columbia University (USA) publishes evidence of links from periodontal disease to type 2 diabetes. Of 9,000 participants in the study 800 developed diabetes. Those with high levels of periodontal disease were twice as likely to develop diabetes.(Demmer, Desvarieux et al, Diabetes Care)
July 2007 – The Department of Periodontology at the University of Copenhagen (Denmark) finds link between gum disease and pre-diabetes, often a precursor to type-2 diabetes. Dr. Carla Pontes Andersen said: The gum inflammation seen in periodontitis can allow bacteria and inflammatory substances from the dental structures to enter the bloodstream. These processes seem to affect blood sugar control. (Pontes Anderson, Flyybjerg et al; Journal of Periodontology)
PREMATURE BIRTHS
December 2008 researchers in Finland question 328 women on oral health and pregnancy, those who needed urgent dental treatment, suggesting poor oral health, were 2.5 times more likely to miscarry. (Heimonen et al, Blackwell Publishing July 2007 – Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Chile finds link between gum disease and premature births. One in three women at risk of premature labour presented with gum disease bacteria in their amniotic fluid, as well as their mouth.
o Amniotic fluid surrounds an unborn baby. Scientists believe that any disruption to this fluid could pose a danger to both mother and baby, especially as hormone changes in pregnant women expose a greater risk of gum disease. (Leon, Silva et al; Journal of Periodontolog
STROKES
June 2006 – University of California scientists found that gum disease may contribute to clogged carotid arteries leading to an increased risk of a stroke. Blocked carotid arteries were much more common in people who had gum disease. (Chung, Friedlander et al, General Session & Exhibition of the International Association for Dental Research)
INFERTILITY
February 2009 Pilot study on 56 men by Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine and Bikur Holim Hospital-based scientists in Israel suggests links between gum disease and low sperm counts.
About the British Dental Foundation
The British Dental Health Foundation is an independent charity that along with its global arm, the International Dental Health Foundation, is dedicated to improving the oral health of the public by providing free and impartial dental advice, by running educational campaigns like National Smile Month and by informing and influencing the public, profession and government on issues such as mouth cancer awareness and water fluoridation.
Oral-B (P&G) is proud to be a Platinum supporter of National Smile Month 2009. The company is committed to supporting patient education and produces free literature covering manual & power brushes as well as floss usage. We are committed to working with the British dental Health foundation to improve oral health.
The human mouth is teeming with bacteria. Brushing, flossing, and traditional dental care often aren’t enough to escape the health risks of too much of the wrong kind of bacteria in the human mouth. With oral probiotics, we may be able to prevent or at least control the growth of the dangerous organisms where they originate.
Advanced Oral Hygiene is a new oral probiotic that provides the beneficial bacteria that can help block harmful bacteria that first develop in the mouth. This sophisticated oral probiotic therapy allows the healthy and naturally occurring organisms found in the body to out-compete the harmful bacteria.
Multiple health benefits
Advanced Oral Hygiene contains BLIS K12 and Bacillus coagulans, a unique blend of two oral probiotics, which aim to triumph over many of the chronic threats to our health caused by oral microbes that may pose harm to the body. BLIS K12 (Streptococcus salivarius) and Bacillus coagulans (GanedenBC30®) organisms naturally survive in human tissue, maximizing their health-promoting potential and providing help with the regulation of inflammation and cell destruction caused by the dangerous germs that originate in the mouth.
Regular use of Advanced Oral Hygiene could make a significant impact in protecting oral health,1-3 which in turn can strengthen the immune system, ease inflammation, and help the body maintain good health.
Poor oral health is associated with risk factors throughout the entire body
Inflammation in the mouth can translate to poor health in other parts of the body. Traditionally, poor mouth conditions have a tendency to become chronic, producing a steady elevation of inflammation in other parts of the body that receive high blood flowthereby seeding the entire system with circulating cytokines. These cytokines, or chemical messengers, produce inflammatory responses in tissues far distant from the mouth, and affect cellular behavior critical to the immune system’s defense. When cytokine levels continue to increasethe occurrence of even more acute inflammation can also increase.
Advanced Oral Hygiene can offer relief and modulate the body’s inflammatory response, making these good microorganisms found in the K12 and GanedenBC30® strain the ideal candidates for preventing inflammatory conditions in the body.
Live life longer and healthier
In combination with a rigorous oral hygiene regime, Advanced Oral Hygiene provides the body with beneficial bacteria to naturally help protect the immune system and prevent harmful bacteria from colonizing throughout the body.
Buy at www.vitalityshopuk.com
London: Crowns are an excellent way to get beautiful teeth. The animations right and below graphically illustrate the procedure of placing dental crowns:
CROWNS
Q What is a crown?
A Crowns are an ideal way to rebuild teeth which have been broken, or have been weakened by decay or a very large filling. The crown fits right over the remaining part of the tooth, making it strong and giving it the shape and contour of a natural tooth. Crowns are sometimes also known as caps. An Anterior Crown is a crown fitted to the front eight teeth.
Q Why would I need a crown?
A There are a number of reasons. For instance:
the tooth may have been weakened by having a very large filling
you may have discoloured fillings and would like to improve the appearance of the tooth
you may have had a root filling which will need a crown to protect it
you may have had an accident and damaged the tooth
it may help hold a bridge or denture firmly in place.
Q What are crowns made of?
A Crowns are made of a variety of materials and new materials are being introduced all the time. Here are some of the options available at present:
Porcelain bonded to precious metal: this is what most crowns are made from. A precious metal base is made and layers of porcelain are then applied over it.
Porcelain: these crowns are not as strong as bonded crowns but they can look very natural and are most often used for front teeth.
Porcelain and composite: porcelain and composite resin materials can sometimes look the most natural. However, these crowns are not as strong as bonded metal crowns.
Glass: these crowns look very natural and are used on both front and back teeth.
Precious metal (gold and palladium): these crowns are very strong and hard-wearing, but are not usually used at the front of the mouth, where they are highly visible.
Q How is a tooth prepared for a crown?
A The dentist will prepare the tooth to the ideal shape for the crown. This will mean removing most of the outer surface, and leaving a strong inner core. The amount of the tooth removed will be the same as the thickness of the crown to be fitted. Once the tooth is shaped, the dentist will take an impression of the prepared tooth, one of the opposite jaw and possibly another to mark the way you bite together. The impressions will be given to the technician, along with any other information they need to make the crown.
Q Who makes the crown?
A The impressions and information about the shade of your teeth will be given to a dental technician who will be skilled in making crowns. They will make models of your mouth and make the crown on these to be sure that the crown fits perfectly.
Q Will the crown be noticeable?
A No. The crown will be made to match your other teeth exactly. The shade of the neighbouring teeth will be recorded, to make sure that the colour looks
natural and matches the surrounding teeth. A temporary crown, usually made in plastic, will be fitted at the end of the
first appointment to last until the permanent one is ready. These temporary crowns may be more noticeable, but they are only in place for about two weeks.
Q How long does the treatment take?
A You will need to have at least two visits: the first for the preparation, impression, shade taking and fitting the temporary crown, and the second to fit the permanent crown.
Q Does it hurt to have a tooth prepared for a crown?
A No. A local anaesthetic is used and the preparation should feel no different from a filling. If the tooth does not have a nerve, and a post crown is being prepared, then local anaesthetic may not be needed.
Q Are post crowns different?
A Post crowns may be used when the tooth has been root filled. The weakened crown of the tooth is drilled off at the level of the gum. The dentist makes a double-ended post to fit into the root canal. This can be either prefabricated stainless steel or custom made of gold. One end of the post is cemented into the root canal, and the other end holds the crown firmly in place.
Q Are there any alternatives to post crowns for root-filled teeth?
A If a root-filled tooth is not completely broken down, it may be possible to build it up again using filling material. This
core is then prepared in the same way as a natural tooth and the impressions are taken.
Q How long will a crown last?
A The life of a crown will depend on how well it is looked after. The crown itself cannot decay, but decay can start where the edge of the crown joins the tooth. It is very important to keep this area as clean as your other teeth, or decay could endanger the crown. Properly cared for crowns will last for many years your dentist will be able to tell you how long.
Q How are crowns fixed to teeth?
A Once the fit and appearance of the crown has been checked and approved by you it will be cemented in place with special dental cement. The cement also forms a seal to help hold it firmly in place.
Q Will the crown feel different?
A Because the shape of the crown will be slightly different from the shape of your tooth before it was crowned, you may be aware of it to begin with. Within a few days it should feel fine, and you will not notice it. The crown may need some adjustment if it feels higher than the surrounding teeth. If it is at all uncomfortable ask your dentist to check and adjust it.
Q Is there an alternative to a crown?
A A veneer may be an alternative to having an anterior crown. Your dentist will advise you of any suitable alternatives.
SENSITIVE TEETH
Q What are sensitive teeth?
A Having sensitive teeth can mean anything from getting a mild twinge to having severe discomfort that can continue for several hours. It can also be an early warning sign of more serious dental problems.
Q Who suffers from sensitive teeth?
A Many people suffer from sensitive teeth and it can start at any time. It is more common in people aged between 20 and 40, although it can affect people in their early teens and when they are over 70. Women are more likely to be affected than men.
Q What causes sensitive teeth?
A The part of the tooth we can see is covered by a layer of enamel that protects the softer dentine underneath.
If the dentine is exposed, a tooth can become sensitive. This usually happens where the tooth and the gum meet and the enamel layer is much thinner.
Here are some causes of sensitivity
Toothbrush abrasion brushing too hard, and brushing from side to side, can cause dentine to be worn away, particularly where the teeth meet the gums. The freshly exposed dentine may then become sensitive.
Dental erosion this is loss of tooth enamel caused by attacks of acid from acidic food and drinks. If enamel is worn away the dentine underneath is exposed, which may lead to sensitivity.
Gum recession gums may naturally recede (shrink back), and the roots will become exposed and can be more sensitive. Root surfaces do not have an enamel layer to protect them.
Gum disease a build-up of plaque or tartar can cause the gum to recede down the tooth and even destroy the bony support of the tooth. Pockets can form in the gums around the tooth, making the area difficult to keep clean and the problem worse.
Tooth grinding this is a habit which involves clenching and grinding the teeth together. This can cause the enamel of the teeth to be worn away, making the teeth sensitive.
Other causes of pain from sensitivity may be:
A cracked tooth or filling a cracked tooth is one that has become broken. A crack can run from the biting surface of a tooth down towards the root. Extreme temperatures, especially cold, may cause discomfort.
Tooth bleaching some patients have sensitivity for a short time during or after having their teeth bleached. Discuss this with your dentist before having treatment.
Q When are teeth more likely to be sensitive?
A You are more likely to feel the sensitivity when drinking or eating something cold, from cold air catching your teeth, and sometimes with hot foods or drinks. Some people have sensitivity when they have sweet or acidic food and drink. The pain can come and go, with some times being worse than others.
Q Is there anything I can do to treat sensitive teeth at home?
A There are many brands of toothpaste on the market made to help ease the pain of sensitive teeth. The toothpaste should be used twice a day to brush your teeth. It can also be rubbed onto the sensitive areas.
These toothpastes can take anything from a few days to several weeks to take effect. Your dentist should be able to advise you on which type of toothpaste would be best for you.
Q Is there anything I should avoid if I have sensitive teeth?
A You may find that hot, cold, sweet or acidic drinks, or foods like ice cream can bring on sensitivity, so you may want to avoid these. If you have sensitivity when brushing your teeth with cold water from the tap, you may need to use warm water instead. It is important you do not avoid brushing your teeth regularly as this could make the problem worse.
Q Do I need to go and see my dentist?
A Yes, if you have tried treating your sensitive teeth for a few weeks and have had no improvement.
Q What treatments can the dentist offer?
A During an examination the dentist will talk to you about your symptoms. They will look at your teeth to find out what is causing the sensitivity and to find the best way of treating it.
The dentist may treat the affected teeth with special de-sensitising products to help relieve the symptoms.
Fluoride gels, rinses or varnishes can be applied to sensitive teeth. These can be painted onto the teeth at regular appointments one or two weeks apart, to build up some protection. Sensitivity can take some time to settle, and you may need to have several appointments.
If this still does not help, your dentist may seal or fill around the neck of the tooth, where the tooth and gum meet, to cover exposed dentine.
In very serious cases it may be necessary to root-fill the tooth.
Q How can I prevent sensitive teeth?
A To prevent sensitive teeth follow the principles below:
Brush your teeth twice a day for two minutes with fluoride toothpaste. Use small circular movements with a soft- to medium-bristled brush. Try to avoid brushing your teeth from side to side.
Change your toothbrush every two to three months, or sooner if it becomes worn.
Have sugary foods, and fizzy and acidic drinks less often. Try to have them only at mealtimes.
If you grind your teeth, talk to your dentist about the possibility of having a mouthguard made to wear at night.
If you are thinking about having your teeth bleached, discuss sensitivity with your dentist before starting treatment.
Visit your dentist at least once a year for a check up.
GUM DISEASE
Q What is gum disease?
A Gum disease describes swelling, soreness or infection of the tissues supporting the teeth. There are two main forms of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontal disease.
Q What is gingivitis?
A Gingivitis means inflammation of the gums. This is when the gums around the teeth become very red and swollen. Often the swollen gums bleed when they are brushed during cleaning.
Q What is periodontal disease?
A Long-standing gingivitis can turn into periodontal disease. There are a number of types of periodontal disease and they all affect the tissues supporting the teeth. As the disease gets worse the bone anchoring the teeth in the jaw is lost, making the teeth loose. If this is not treated, the teeth may eventually fall out.
Q Am I likely to suffer from gum disease?
A Probably. Most people suffer from some form of gum disease, and it is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. However, the disease develops very slowly in most people, and it can be slowed down to a rate that should allow you to keep most of your teeth for life.
Q What is the cause of gum disease?
A All gum disease is caused by plaque. Plaque is a film of bacteria, which forms on the surface of the teeth and gums every day. Many of the bacteria in plaque are completely harmless, but there are some that have been shown to be the main cause of gum disease. To prevent and treat gum disease, you need to make sure you remove all the plaque from your teeth every day. This is done by brushing and flossing.
Q What happens if gum disease is not treated?
A Unfortunately, gum disease progresses painlessly on the whole so that you do notice the damage it is doing. However, the bacteria are sometimes more active and this makes your gums sore. This can lead to gum abscesses, and pus may ooze from around the teeth. Over a number of years, the bone supporting the teeth can be lost. If the disease is left untreated for a long time, treatment can become more difficult.
Q How do I know if I have gum disease?
A The first sign is blood on the toothbrush or in the rinsing water when you clean your teeth. Your gums may also bleed when you are eating, leaving a bad taste in your mouth. Your breath may also become unpleasant.
Q What do I do if I think I have gum disease?
A The first thing to do is visit your dentist for a thorough check-up of your teeth and gums. The dentist can measure the cuff of gum around each tooth to see if there is any sign that periodontal disease has started. X-rays may also be needed to see the amount of bone that has been lost. This assessment is very important, so the correct treatment can be prescribed for you.
Q What treatments are needed?
A Your dentist will usually give your teeth a thorough clean. Youll also be shown how to remove plaque successfully yourself, cleaning all surfaces of your teeth thoroughly and effectively. This may take a number of sessions with the dentist or hygienist.
Q What else may be needed?
A Once your teeth are clean, your dentist may decide to carry out further cleaning of the roots of the teeth, to make sure that the last
pockets of bacteria are removed.
Youll probably need the treatment area to be numbed before
anything is done. Afterwards, you may feel some discomfort for up to 48 hour.
Q Once I have had periodontal disease, can I get it again?
A Periodontal disease is never cured. But as long as you keep up the home care you have been taught, any further loss of bone will be very slow and it may stop altogether. However, you must make sure you remove plaque every day, and go for regular check ups by the dentist and hygienist.
JAW PROBLEMS & HEADACHES
Q What is dental occlusion?
A Dental occlusion is another name for the way your teeth meet when your jaws bite together.
Q What is TMJ?
A The letters TMJ are short for of temporo-mandibular joint, which is the joint connecting your lower jaw and your skull. The movement in this joint lets you open and close your mouth and chew from side to side.
Q What kind of problems might I have?
A If your teeth dont fit together properly, you can have problems not only in your teeth themselves, but also the gums, the temporo-mandibular joint or the muscles that move your jaw. These problems are called occlusal problems.
Teeth
Teeth that are out of line, heavily worn or constantly breaking, fillings that fracture or crowns that work loose may all be signs of occlusal problems. Your teeth may also be tender to bite on or may ache constantly.
Gums
Loose teeth or receding gums can be made worse by a faulty bite.
TMJ
Clicking, grinding or pain in your jaw joints, ringing or buzzing in your ears and difficulty in opening or closing your mouth could all be due to your teeth not meeting each other properly.
Muscles
If your jaw is in the wrong position, the muscles that move the jaw have to work a lot harder and can get tired. This leads to muscle spasm. The main symptoms are continual headaches or migraine, especially first thing in the morning; pain behind your eyes; sinus pain and pains in your neck and shoulders. Sometimes even back muscles are involved.
Q How can I tell if I have a problem?
A You may find that you clench or grind your teeth, although most people who do arent aware of it. Sometimes can be caused by anxiety, but generally most people clench their teeth when they are concentrating on a task – housework, gardening, car mechanics, typing and so on.
You may wake up in the morning with a stiff jaw or tenderness when you bite together. This could be due to clenching or grinding your teeth in your sleep. Most people who grind their teeth do it while they are asleep and may not know they are doing it.
If you suffer from severe headaches, or neck and shoulder pain, you may not have linked this with possible jaw problems. Or you may keep having pain or discomfort on the side of your face around your ears or jaw joints or difficulty in moving your jaw. These are all symptoms of TMJ problems.
If you are missing some teeth at the back of your mouth, this may lead to an unbalanced bite, which can cause uneven pressure on your teeth.
Together, all these symptoms are called TMJ syndrome.
Q How are occlusal problems treated?
A See your dentist. He or she may be able to help you or may refer you to a specialist who deals with occlusal problems.
Depending on the problems you are having, it can be possible to spot the signs of an occlusal problem. Various muscles may be sore when tested, or the broken and worn areas of your teeth will show you are grinding your teeth – a common sign of an incorrect bite.
If your dentist suspects that your problems are due to an incorrect bite, he or she may help to diagnose the problem by supplying a temporary soft nightguard or hard plastic appliance that fits over your upper or lower teeth. This appliance needs to be measured and fitted very accurately so that when you bite on it, all your teeth meet at exactly the same time in a position where your muscles are relaxed. You may have to wear this all the time or, just at night. If the appliance relieves your symptoms then your bite may need to be corrected permanently.
Tooth Adjustment (equilibration)
Your teeth may need to be carefully adjusted to meet evenly. Changing the direction and position of the slopes that guide your teeth together can often help to reposition the jaw.
Replacement of teeth
The temporo-mandibular joint needs equal support from both sides of both jaws. The chewing action is designed to work properly only when all your teeth are present and in the correct position. Missing teeth may need to be replaced either with a partial denture or bridgework.
Replacement is not usually done until a diagnosis has been confirmed by using an appliance and this has fully relieved the symptoms. Relief in some patients is instant: in others it can take a long time.
Medication
Some drugs can help in certain cases, but this is usually only temporary. Hormone replacement therapy may also help some women.
Diet and Exercise
As with any joint pain, it can help to put less stress on the joint. So a soft diet can be helpful, as can Corrective exercises and external heat. Physiotherapy exercises can often help, and your dentist may be able to show some of these to you.
Relaxation
Counselling and relaxation therapy may help in some cases. These techniques help the patient to become more aware of stressful situations and to control tension.
Q Will straightening my teeth help?
A If your teeth are too far out of line or in a totally incorrect bite position, it may be necessary to fit an orthodontic appliance to move them into a better position.
Q How many people suffer from these problems?
A Up to 1 in 4 people may have some symptoms. Both men and women are affected equally, although women tend to seek
treatment more often than men. The symptoms can often start with the menopause or other hormonal changes.
Many people have imperfect occlusion and missing teeth, yet never have symptoms because they adjust to their problems. Occasionally, in times of increased stress and tension, the symptoms may appear and then go away immediately. Or, your teeth and gums may be affected straight away and instead of headaches, you may suffer:
flattened, worn teeth
broken teeth, fillings and crowns
loose teeth
continual sensitivity of your teeth to temperature change
toothache with no apparent cause.
If you think you have any of these problems, ask your dentist.
SMOKING AND ORAL HEALTH
Q How can smoking affect my oral health?
A Most people are now aware that smoking is bad for our health. It can cause many different medical problems and, in some cases, fatal diseases. However, many people dont realise the damage that smoking does to their mouth, gums and teeth.
Smoking can lead to tooth staining, gum disease, tooth loss and in more severe cases mouth cancer.
Q Why are my teeth stained?
A One of the effects of smoking is staining on the teeth due to the nicotine and tar content. It can make the teeth yellow in a very short time, and heavy smokers often complain that their teeth are almost brown after years of smoking.
Q How will smoking affect my gums and teeth?
A Smoking can also lead to gum disease. Patients who smoke are more likely to produce bacterial plaque, which leads to gum disease. The gums are affected because smoking causes a lack of oxygen in the bloodstream, so the infected gums fail to heal. Smoking causes people to have more dental plaque and for gum disease to progress more rapidly than in non-smokers. Gum disease still remains the most common cause of tooth loss in adults.
Q How is smoking linked with cancer?
A Most people know that smoking can cause lung and throat cancer, but many people are still unaware that it is one of the main causes of mouth cancer too. Every year thousands of people die from mouth cancer brought on by smoking. (See our leaflet Tell Me About Mouth Cancer)
Q Are there special dental products I can use?
A There are special toothpastes for people who smoke. They are sometimes a little more abrasive than ordinary pastes and should be used with care. Your dentist may recommend that you use these toothpastes alternately with your usual toothpaste. As there are several toothpastes on the market which claim to whiten teeth it is important to look for those accredited by the British Dental Health Foundation. Our logo means that the claims on the packaging are scientifically proven to be correct and the product will be effective at removing staining caused by smoking.
Q What about mouthwashes?
A People who smoke may find they are more likely to have bad breath than non-smokers. Fresh breath products such as mouthwashes may help to disguise the problem in the short term, but will only mask it.
Q How often should I visit my dentist?
A It is important that you visit your dentist regularly both for a normal check up and a full mouth examination so that any other conditions can be spotted early.
You should visit your dentist at least once a year. However, this may be more often if your dentist feels it necessary. People who smoke are more likely to have stained teeth, and therefore may need appointments more often with the dental hygienist.
Q What can my dentist do for me?
A Your dentist will carry out a regular examination to make sure that your teeth and gums and whole mouth are healthy.
Your dentist will also examine your cheeks, tongue and throat for any signs of other conditions that may need more investigation.
They may also be able to put you in touch with organisations and self- help groups who will have the latest information to help you stop smoking.
Q Will I need any extra treatment?
A Your dentist may also refer you to a dental hygienist, for further treatment, thorough cleaning and to keep a closer check on your oral hygiene.
Your dental hygienist will be able to advise you on how often you should visit them, although this should usually be every three to six months.
AMALGAM & WHITE FILLINGS
Q What are amalgam fillings?
A Amalgam or silver fillings are the metal coloured fillings that many people have. Amalgam was the traditional material used for fillings for many years.
Q Why should I consider white fillings?
A Most people have fillings of one sort or another in their mouths. Nowadays fillings are not only functional, but can be natural looking as well. Many people dont want silver fillings that show when they laugh or smile because they are more conscious about the way they look.
Q Can I get them on the NHS?
A The National Health Service will not usually allow white fillings on the biting surfaces of back teeth. However, this does not apply to the sides of back teeth or to any front teeth.
There is a slight chance that some people may be sensitive to the metals used in silver amalgam fillings. If this sensitivity is proven, it may be best to replace the amalgam fillings with another type. (In very exceptional cases these replacements may be available on the NHS, if a consultant decides that a patient is extremely sensitive to these materials and asks for them to be replaced.)
Q Are they expensive?
A Because many white fillings are only available privately, costs can vary quite a lot from dentist to dentist. Costs usually depend on the size and type of white filling used and the time it takes to complete the treatment. Costs may also vary from region to region. As a guide, white fillings start from around £40 each, but your dentist will be able to give you an idea of the cost before you agree to treatment.
Q Are they as good as silver amalgam fillings?
A White fillings have always been considered less long lasting than
silver amalgam fillings. But there are now new materials available with properties comparable to silver amalgam, and these are proving to be very successful. The life expectancy of a white filling can depend greatly on where it is in your mouth and how heavily your teeth come together when you bite. Your dentist can advise you on the life expectancy of your fillings. However, any fillings provided on the NHS are automatically guaranteed for one year.
Q Is it worth replacing my amalgam fillings with white ones?
A It is usually best to change fillings only when your dentist decides that an old filling needs replacing. If so you can ask to have it replaced in a tooth-coloured material.
Some dentists prefer not to put white fillings in back teeth, as they are not always successful. One way around this would be to use crowns or inlays, but this can mean removing more of the tooth and can be more expensive.
Q What are tooth-coloured fillings made of?
A This can vary, but they are mainly made of glass particles, synthetic resin and a setting ingredient. Your dentist should be able to give you more information about the particular material that they use.
Q Where can I get them done?
A Most dental practices offer white fillings as a normal part of the treatment they give you. However, white fillings are classed as a cosmetic treatment, and you can therefore only have them if you pay for them.
Q Are there any alternatives to fillings?
A Adhesive dentistry is another form of this treatment. This involves bonding the filling to the tooth. The dentist has to remove less of the tooth, which is obviously better.
As we have already said, there are alternatives such as crowns and inlays although they can cost a lot more. Veneers can be used on front teeth instead of crowns or fillings.
TOOTH JEWELLERY
Q What is Tooth Jewellery?
A Tooth Jewellery is the latest fashion craze to hit the UK. Tooth jewellery classic designs are an elegant compliment to standard jewellery. When placed on the tooth, the jewellery creates a distinctive expression of ones individuality.
There are 2 main types of tooth jewellery available: –
Twinkles: – This is a collection of 24-carat gold and white gold jewellery. The jewellery is available in over 50 different designs with some including diamonds, sapphires and rubies.
Dental Gems: – Are a range of glass crystals are available in nine different colours diamond, rainbow, ruby, sapphire, emerald, emerald green, aquamarine, pink, sapphire light.
Q Is The Jewellery For Males Or Females?
A Both there are many different designs which appeal to everyone. Children under the age of 16 should have parental consent.
Q How Do You Apply them?
A The dentist will use a dental adhesive to apply the Jewellery to your tooth.
Q Does The Application Procedure Hurt?
A NO! The procedure is similar to placing an orthodontic bracket on a tooth. There is no drilling involved and the procedure is completely painless
Q How Long Does The Application Procedure Take?
A The fitting procedure should take no more than 10 to 15 minutes
Q How Long Will The Jewellery Stay On My Tooth?
A The tooth Jewellery can last on your tooth indefinitely or for as long as you want it.
Q Will The Tooth Jewellery Harm My Tooth?
A When properly placed by a dentist, the tooth Jewellery will not damage or harm your tooth in any way. Tooth jewellery should only be applied to natural teeth.
Q How Do I Remove The Tooth Jewellery When I No Longer Want it?
A If you would like to remove your tooth Jewellery the it can be taken off by a dentist at any time
Q How Much Does It Cost?
A Prices vary from design to design, ask your dentist for more information
BARRIER WHITENING
Q What does tooth whitening do?
A Tooth whitening can be a highly effective, yet very simple way, of lightening the colour of teeth without removing any of the tooth surface. It cannot make a colour change, but lightens the existing colour.
Q What does the procedure involve?
A The dentist applies a chemical barrier to the gums, which will protect them during the whitening process. The whitening solution is then applied to the teeth and the chemical is then activated using heat, or heat and light combined.
Once the whitening process is finished the barrier will be easily removed in one piece.
If the tooth has been root treated, the canal, which previously contained the nerve, may be reopened and the whitening product is put in.
Q How long does the procedure take?
A The process would normally take over an hour but your dentist will advise you on your specific requirements.
Q Will I be happy with the results?
A Treatment results may vary depending on the original shade of the teeth. Teeth will tend to darken slightly over time. The effect lasts for around 1 to 3 years, although sometimes it can last longer.
Q When might whitening not work?
A Whitening can only lighten your existing tooth colour. For a change to specific chosen shade veneering is another option. Whitening also works on natural teeth. It will not work on any type of ‘false teeth. This includes dentures, crowns and veneers. If dentures are stained or discoloured, it may be worth visiting the dentist and asking him or her to clean them. Stained veneers, crowns and dentures may need replacing. Again, ask your dentist.
Q How do I care for my teeth after whitening?
A Talk to your dentist about maintaining the colour of your teeth, and the products that are available for keeping the effect. Each individuals lifestyle needs to be assessed but good oral hygiene and regular visits to the hygienist will help to maintain the effect for longer.
Some people find that their teeth are sensitive for the first few days after treatment, but this wears off after a short while. Your dentist will advise you of the products you can use to counteract this.
TRAY WHITENING
Q What does tooth whitening do?
A Tooth whitening can be a highly effective, yet very simple way, of lightening the colour of teeth without removing any of the tooth surface. It cannot make a colour change, but lightens the existing colour.
Q What does the procedure involve?
A In a live tooth the dentist applies the whitening product using a specially made tray which fits into the mouth like a gum shield. The chemical is then activated using heat, or heat and light combined. The active ingredient in the product is normally hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide.
If the tooth has been root treated, the canal, which previously contained the nerve, may be reopened and the whitening product is put in.In both cases, the procedure needs to be repeated until the right shade is reached.
Q How long does the procedure take?
A First of all you will need 2 or 3 visits to your dentist. Your dentist will need to make a mouthguard and will need to take impressions for this at the first appointment. Once your dentist has started the treatment, you will have to continue the treatment at home. This will mean applying the bleach regularly over 2-4 weeks for 30 minutes to 1 hour at a time.
However, some newer products can be applied for up to 8 hours at a time, which means that a satisfactory result can be obtained in as little as 1 week.
Q Why would my teeth need to be bleached?
A Everyone is different; and just as our hair and skin colour varies, so do our teeth. Some teeth have a yellowish tinge, some are more beige very few are actually white. Teeth also yellow with age can become stained on the surface by food and drinks such as tea, coffee and blackcurrant. Calculus (tartar) can also affect the colour of the teeth. Some people may have staining inside their teeth. This can be caused by certain antibiotics or tiny cracks in the teeth, which take up the stain.
Q Will I be happy with the results?
A Treatment results may vary depending on the original shade of the teeth. Teeth will tend to darken slightly over time. The effect lasts for around 1 to 3 years, although sometimes it can last longer. Some people find that their teeth are sensitive for the first few days after treatment, but this wears off after a short while.
Q What about home kits?
A Over-the-counter kits are not recommended as they contain only a small amount of hydrogen peroxide which makes the product less effective. Some also contain mild acids, while others are abrasive. Although these products are cheaper, whitening is a complicated treatment procedure and should only be carried out by a dentist after a thorough examination and assessment of your teeth. It is very important to follow the instructions your dentist gives you, and to make sure that you go for any follow-up appointments recommended.
Q When might whitening not work?
A Whitening can only lighten your existing tooth colour. For a change to specific chosen shade veneering is another option. Whitening also works on natural teeth. It will not work on any type of ‘false teeth. This includes dentures, crowns and veneers. If dentures are stained or discoloured, it may be worth visiting the dentist and asking him or her to clean them. Stained veneers, crowns and dentures may need replacing. Again, ask your dentist.
Q What about whitening toothpaste?
A There are now several whitening toothpastes you can buy. Although they do not affect the natural colour of the tooth, they are effective at removing staining and therefore improving the overall appearance of the tooth. Whitening toothpaste may also help to keep up the appearance, once teeth have been professionally whitened.
CROWNS
Q What is a crown?
A Crowns are an ideal way to rebuild teeth which have been broken, or have been weakened by decay or a very large filling. The crown fits right over the remaining part of the tooth, making it strong and giving it the shape and contour of a natural tooth. Crowns are sometimes also known as caps. An Anterior Crown is a crown fitted to the front eight teeth.
Q Why would I need a crown?
A There are a number of reasons. For instance:
the tooth may have been weakened by having a very large filling
you may have discoloured fillings and would like to improve the appearance of the tooth
you may have had a root filling which will need a crown to protect it
you may have had an accident and damaged the tooth
it may help hold a bridge or denture firmly in place.
Q What are crowns made of?
A Crowns are made of a variety of materials and new materials are being introduced all the time. Here are some of the options available at present:
Porcelain bonded to precious metal: this is what most crowns are made from. A precious metal base is made and layers of porcelain are then applied over it.
Porcelain: these crowns are not as strong as bonded crowns but they can look very natural and are most often used for front teeth.
Porcelain and composite: porcelain and composite resin materials can sometimes look the most natural. However, these crowns are not as strong as bonded metal crowns.
Glass: these crowns look very natural and are used on both front and back teeth.
Precious metal (gold and palladium): these crowns are very strong and hard-wearing, but are not usually used at the front of the mouth, where they are highly visible.
Q How is a tooth prepared for a crown?
A The dentist will prepare the tooth to the ideal shape for the crown. This will mean removing most of the outer surface, and leaving a strong inner core. The amount of the tooth removed will be the same as the thickness of the crown to be fitted. Once the tooth is shaped, the dentist will take an impression of the prepared tooth, one of the opposite jaw and possibly another to mark the way you bite together. The impressions will be given to the technician, along with any other information they need to make the crown.
Q Who makes the crown?
A The impressions and information about the shade of your teeth will be given to a dental technician who will be skilled in making crowns. They will make models of your mouth and make the crown on these to be sure that the crown fits perfectly.
Q Will the crown be noticeable?
A No. The crown will be made to match your other teeth exactly. The shade of the neighbouring teeth will be recorded, to make sure that the colour looks natural and matches the surrounding teeth. A temporary crown, usually made in plastic, will be fitted at the end of the first appointment to last until the permanent one is ready. These temporary crowns may be more noticeable, but they are only in place for about two weeks.
Q How long does the treatment take?
A You will need to have at least two visits: the first for the preparation, impression, shade taking and fitting the temporary crown, and the second to fit the permanent crown.
Q Does it hurt to have a tooth prepared for a crown?
A No. A local anaesthetic is used and the preparation should feel no different from a filling. If the tooth does not have a nerve, and a post crown is being prepared, then local anaesthetic may not be needed.
Q Are post crowns different?
A Post crowns may be used when the tooth has been root filled. The weakened crown of the tooth is drilled off at the level of the gum. The dentist makes a double-ended post to fit into the root canal. This can be either prefabricated stainless steel or custom made of gold. One end of the post is cemented into the root canal, and the other end holds the crown firmly in place.
Q Are there any alternatives to post crowns for root-filled teeth?
A If a root-filled tooth is not completely broken down, it may be possible to build it up again using filling material. This
core is then prepared in the same way as a natural tooth and the impressions are taken.
Q How long will a crown last?
A The life of a crown will depend on how well it is looked after. The crown itself cannot decay, but decay can start where the edge of the crown joins the tooth. It is very important to keep this area as clean as your other teeth, or decay could endanger the crown. Properly cared for crowns will last for many years your dentist will be able to tell you how long.
Q How are crowns fixed to teeth?
A Once the fit and appearance of the crown has been checked and approved by you it will be cemented in place with special dental cement. The cement also forms a seal to help hold it firmly in place.
Q Will the crown feel different?
A Because the shape of the crown will be slightly different from the shape of your tooth before it was crowned, you may be aware of it to begin with. Within a few days it should feel fine, and you will not notice it. The crown may need some adjustment if it feels higher than the surrounding teeth. If it is at all uncomfortable ask your dentist to check and adjust it.
Q Is there an alternative to a crown?
A A veneer may be an alternative to having an anterior crown. Your dentist will advise you of any suitable alternatives.
London: Nearly half of us are embarrassed by our teeth now you can flash those perfect pearlies with confidence!
Its the simplest of secrets to looking great, but so many of us still dont make the most of natures greatest beauty tool, a great smile. Your smile is a genuine reflection of your deepest feelings; it costs nothing and enriches those you encounter, a smile conveys your self-esteem and exudes confidence to the world around you.
Yet, according to a new survey by Align Technology, makers of the Invisalign system, which uses a series of removable clear aligners to gradually move the teeth, nearly half of us Brits (46%) are well and truly embarrassed about the state of our teeth. Having a smile to be proud of is really important – your smile is in fact one of the first things people notice when they meet you. Research shows that not only is a great smile the first thing a third of women notice in a potential love interest, but six in ten of us also agree that a winning smile makes you appear more confident – and thus far more attractive.
While many of us still long for a perfectly straight smile, were haunted with visions of the metal train tracks and hours in the dentists chair. So what do we need to do to achieve perfectly straight pearly whites? Help is at hand from Dental practitioner Dr Paul Humber and relationship psychologist Dr. Pam Spurr who offer some simple tips to making your teeth something to be proud of:
Click here to view video:Perfect Smile Video
Top Tips for a perfect smile, for every step of the way
1. Watch what you eat and drink – We all know red wine and coffee can stain your teeth, but sticking to lighter drinks can make a huge difference.
2. Keep a toothbrush in your bag – You can get rid of the post lunch build up at work, so the hot guy in the office always sees you at your best
3. Use your mirror – Find the teeth that are the most stained and concentrate on those when brushing to get an even better smile!
4. Floss Get in the gaps to remove build up; bottle brushes are great too and available in most shops
5. Keep up with latest technology From teeth straightening and whitening, it has come along way, which means its never too late to sort out your teeth.
For more information visit www.invisalign.com
London: Log on to our live web TV show to find out how you can break free from unhealthy habits Show date: 2nd June Show time: 2pm (London time).
Personal hygiene bad habits can not only be hard to kick but can also lead to serious medical problems. Take oral hygience, for example: our failure to look after our gums is implicated in a higher risk of heart disease and even miscarriage.
Nine in ten people experience gum disease in their lives – which is the main cause of lost teeth – and the thought of losing one or more teeth would distress most of us….
Its clearly important that we get into good oral care habits – and by this we mean looking after our gums as well as our teeth – so how can we start to get into good habits?
The answer lies in training our brains to form different habit pathways. According to Dr Maxwell Maltzs 21 Day Theory, it only takes 21 days to replace old habits with new ones by repeating certain actions to strengthen the correct brain pathways. So if we start today, by the end of the month we could have eradicated our bad habits once and for all.
Join us in this live and interactive web TV show to find out how you can establish and maintain a regime that will help you keep on track. Theres expert advice on offer from GP Dr Pixie McKenna, Professor of Flavour Technology Andy Taylor and Dr James Russell of the British Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, who will also be answering your questions live online.
Dr Pixie McKenna, Professor of Flavour Technology Andy Taylor and Dr James Russell of the British Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry join us live online at Oral Health tips from the experts on 2nd June to discuss oral health care for women. If you would like to submit questions before the chat please also click on this link.
For more information visit www.gumsmart.co.uk
Liverpool: Scientists at the University of Liverpool have developed a new dental product to identify plaque build-up in the mouth before it is visible to the human eye.
The toothbrush-sized product has a blue light at its tip, which, when shone around the mouth and viewed through yellow glasses with a red filter, allows plaque to be seen easily as a red glow. The device, produced in collaboration with dental and healthcare developers, Inspektor Research Systems BV, has been designed for everyday use in the home.
Dentists currently use disclosing agents in tablet form to uncover tooth decay and plaque but these often stain the mouth and taste unpleasant. The new product, known as Inspektor TC, will be particularly useful for those who are vulnerable to dental diseases such as children and the elderly.
Children in the UK have had an average of 2.5 teeth filled or removed by the age of 15 because of tooth decay. In young people alone £45 million is currently being spent every year on the problem.
Professor Sue Higham, from the Universitys School of Dental Sciences, said: It is extremely difficult to get rid of all plaque in the mouth. Left undisturbed it becomes what we call mature plaque and gets thicker. This is what leads to gingivitis, or bleeding gums, and decay.
Early stage plaque is invisible, and so this device will show people the parts of the mouth that they are neglecting when they brush their teeth, enabling them to remove plaque before it becomes a problem.
Inspektor TC is designed so that people can easily incorporate it into their daily dental hygiene routine at home. We now hope to work with industry partners to develop this prototype so that people can use it in the home to identify plaque before any serious dental work is needed.
The team has now received a Medical Futures Innovation Award for the product a commendation which acknowledges significant innovation in science.
More information
1. Inspektor Research Systems BV is an industrial collaborator based in Norway which focuses on research and analysis to develop innovative dental and healthcare products.
2. Medical Futures Innovation Awards recognise groundbreaking ideas and products within the healthcare and business world that have the potential to transform peoples lives. Past winners of the award have secured over £80 million of funding from industry specialists for the manufacture of their product.
3. The University of Liverpool is a member of the Russell Group of leading research-intensive institutions in the UK. It attracts collaborative and contract research commissions from a wide range of national and international organisations valued at more than £93 million annually.
London: Britons’ No 1 ageing fear is have to wear false teeth, according to a new survey.
Nearly half of Brits are in grave danger of having teeth that are ‘older’ than they are, due to poor diets and shameful dental habits according to new research* from Orbit CompleteTM. And yet, the nation’s biggest ageing fear is the prospect of having to wear dentures – proving that Brits really need to brush up on their ‘dental know how’ if they want to avoid their worst nightmare coming true!
Top Ageing Anxieties
Wearing dentures
41%
Dying grey hair
17%
Trimming excessive facial hair
13%
Taking supplements
7%
Using anti-wrinkle cream
7%
Wearing glasses
3%
From Thursday, you can take the test and work out your personal dental risk factor by visiting Orbit Mouth Makeover
Dent You Believe It
When we think of someone looking ‘old’, one of the first things we think of is stained, crooked and rotting teeth. As a nation, despite being scared of ending up having to ‘glue’ our teeth in each day, we’re not helping ourselves with over half of us confessing to not knowing how to clean our teeth correctly and a third never bothering to floss.
Drink your way to dental decay
Orbit Complete worked with the British Dental Health Foundation to discover other dental villains harming our teeth. Fruit smoothies and juices might be a great way to help you get your 5-a-day, but whether the 61% of Brits that drink them regularly are aware that they have a high acid content that is harmful to their teeth, is doubtful. Coffee, white wine and red wine, also guzzled by Brits on a regular basis, are also adding on the years by eroding and discolouring their teeth.
Welsh Have Oldest Teeth in U
It’s the Welsh who are in danger of being ‘long in the tooth’ before their time, with one in five coming out worst in the dental test due to lifestyle factors such as smoking and drinking fizzy drinks, but it’s the Scots who seem to be the least bothered about their dental health routine. The Southerners are ‘young gums’ with the most youthful teeth. The Northern Irish spend the most time preening their pearly whites – almost one in ten have bleached their own teeth at home with over-the-counter whitening kits.
*Study of 1100 adults aged 18+ conducted by ICM Research between 7-9th July 2008
About the Wrigley Company
The Wrigley Company is the worlds leading manufacturer of chewing and bubblegum and a major player in the confectionery industry worldwide. Some of Wrigleys most famous brands include Wrigleys Extra®, Airwaves®, Orbit Complete®, Juicy Fruit®, Wrigleys Spearmint®, Doublemint® and Hubba www.wrigley.co.uk
About the British Dental Health Foundation
The British Dental Health Foundation is an independent charity that along with its global arm, the International Dental Health Foundation, is dedicated to improving the oral health of the public by providing free and impartial dental advice, by running educational campaigns like National Smile Month and by informing and influencing the public, profession and government on issues such as mouth cancer awareness and water fluoridation. It has a 37-year track record of providing objective and unbiased advice, information and recommendations. The Foundation’s independent Dental Helpline is staffed by a team of qualified dental experts and offers free and impartial expert advice. The service is available Monday to Friday between 9am and 5pm on 0845 063 1188. For more information visit < a href="http://www.dentalhealth.org">www.dentalhealth.org
Cosmetic dentist Nik Sisodia on the increasing evidence to link poor oral hygiene with heart disease, stroke and premature births
Gum disease affects 70% of the population in varying degrees. In its mildest form, gingivitis, the tissues of the gum surrounding the teeth become inflamed and bleed.
Left untreated this may progress to more advanced forms of the disease known as peridonitis where the gums shrink and teeth may fall out. But increasingly gum health is now seen as a marker for more serious health problems including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It is also increasingly implicated in problems in pregnancy such as premature births and underweight babies.
So the extent of gum disease in the general population is a real and growing health concern. US statistics reveal that by the age of 17 60% of the population have early signs of the disease and by the age of 50 this translates to periodontal disease for 70-80% of the population, with half suffering the severest form.
In the past research attempted to investigate the cause of gum disease but more recently the emphasis has switched its affect general health and its links to several serious illnesses. The evidence points to an assault on the bodys immune system from the bacterial infection in the mouth as a result of gum disease which leads to a degeneration in general health.
If we look at the total surface area of the roots of a full complement of adult teeth, the area is approximately equivalent to the size the forearm. If you then imagine this whole area is teaming with a cocktail of millions of bacteria which the body is fighting off on a 24-hour basis, you can imagine how this might undermine the immune system.
Cardiovascular Disease
In the US research indicates that gum disease is a risk factor for atherosclerosis (furring of the arteries) and thromboembolic (blood clotting) incidences. In other words gum disease increases the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease.
Again the theory is that the bacterial load placed on the body together with the fact that some individuals have a greater predisposition to a heightened inflammatory response leads to both gum and cardiovascular problems.
So it is prudent for all of us to take preventative oral hygiene measures, as well as sophisticated diagnostic tests that screen for levels of certain substances associated with heightened health risk, such as that for the protein homeocysteine, which is implicated in both cardiovascular disease and Alzheimers. Bacterial analyses can also be carried out.
It is now accepted that treatment of gum disease can lead to an improvement in cardiovascular health and that the health of a patients gums is now seen as a risk marker for heart disease. Smoking is another modifiable risk factor for both gum and cardiovascular diseases. Scientists at the University of Helskinki recently concluded that gum disease can no longer be considered just a local problem but one for the health of the whole body.
Premature births and foetal development
Gum disease is increasingly implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature births. The University of North Carolina identified it as a significant risk factor for preterm labour, premature rupture of membranes, small-for-gestational-age (babies who are smaller than expected even for premature babies) and low birth weight babies. Additional research at Tulane University in New Orleans in three clinical trial studies determined that the treatment of the gum condition led to a 57% reduction of preterm low birth weight and more significantly a 50% reduction in preterm births.
Diabetes
Evidence now suggests that severe untreated gum disease increases the risk of diabetic complications, and that these symptoms can be alleviated by treatment. It is thought that uncontrolled severe periodontal disease has an adverse effect on sugar levels and that anyone with a family history of diabetes is advised to take a blood test.
General medical physicians do not usually examine or screen their patients for signs of gum disease, but given the mounting evidence implicating it in many of the diseases of ageing they should.
Dr Sisodia is in private practice in London and serves as Congress Director for the British Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry. Contact info: nik@tendental.com or specialist@tendental.com alternatively visit the practice website www.tendental.com
KNOW YOUR BACTERIA!
Types of Oral Bacteria
Bacteria in the human mouth fall into two categories (a) planktonic or free-floating bacteria, which can be found in the saliva in the mouth, and (b) biofilm, the bacteria that colonise on the hard surfaces of the mouth, such as teeth, to form plaque
Bacteria in the mouth feed on leftover food particles and some, such as the cavity-causing Streptococcus mutans, produce acid that attacks teeth, causing decay
Anaerobic bacteria produce enzymes and toxins as by-products, which damage and irritate the gums causing inflammation and bleeding. If left untreated gum disease can lead to tooth loss
Bad breath is also caused by anaerobic bacteria, which live predominantly on the tongue and produce sulphurous odours
Shocking Facts
The human mouth harbours up to 300 different types of bacteria (see image right) and the amount of total bacteria in the average mouth is estimated to be around the ten billion mark
There are more bacteria in your mouth than there are people on Earth
The average toilet seat harbours fewer bacteria per square centimetre than the human mouth!
Right now there are more bacteria in your mouth than on a standard banknote
Oral Hygiene Facts
Brushing only reaches 60% of the surfaces of your teeth, leaving plaque in hard to reach areas such as in-between teeth
Teeth represent only 25% of the surface of your mouth and bacteria live throughout the whole mouth. When you stop brushing, bacteria left behind re-settle on your teeth and gums
Due to its liquid action, a mouthwash reaches virtually 100% of the mouth, thereby attacking and killing bacteria across the whole mouth
Bacteria facts provided by Listerine Bacterial Mouthwash. For more information www.listerine.com
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